JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMCQ+4 / −1
Which one of the following molecules has maximum dipole moment?
- A
- B
- C
- D
View written solutionFree
Correct answer: C
-
Recall molecular shapes and dipole moment idea
Dipole moment depends on:
- bond polarity, and
- molecular geometry (whether bond dipoles cancel or not).
If the vector sum of all bond dipoles is zero, the molecule has zero dipole moment.
-
Check each option
A.
- Shape: tetrahedral
- All four bonds are symmetrically arranged.
- Their dipole moments cancel completely.
Hence,
B.
- Shape: trigonal pyramidal
- bonds are polar.
- However, in , the bond dipoles and the lone pair effect oppose each other, so the net dipole moment is small.
Thus, has a small but nonzero dipole moment.
C.
- Shape: trigonal pyramidal
- bond dipoles are directed such that they reinforce the direction associated with the lone pair.
- Therefore, the net dipole moment is appreciable.
In fact,
D.
- Shape: trigonal bipyramidal
- Symmetrical arrangement causes cancellation of bond dipoles.
Hence,
-
Comparison
- :
- :
- : small
- : largest among these
-
Final answer
The molecule with maximum dipole moment is:
So, the correct option is C.
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