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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2022 · 24 Jun · Shift 2 · Q26
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  5. /2022 · 24 Jun · Shift 2 · Q26

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2022 · 24 Jun · Shift 2 · Q26

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
Let f(x)={sin⁡(x−[x])x−[x],x∈(−2,−1)max⁡{2x,3[∣x∣]},∣x∣<11,otherwisef(x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \dfrac{\sin(x - [x])}{x - [x]} & , x \in (-2, -1) \\ \max\{2x, 3[|x|]\} & , |x| \lt 1 \\ 1 & , \text{otherwise} \end{array} \right.f(x)=⎩⎨⎧​x−[x]sin(x−[x])​max{2x,3[∣x∣]}1​,x∈(−2,−1),∣x∣<1,otherwise​ where [t][t][t] denotes greatest integer ≤t\le t≤t. If mmm is the number of points where fff is not continuous and nnn is the number of points where fff is not differentiable, then the ordered pair (m,n)(m, n)(m,n) is :
  1. A
    (3, 3)
  2. B
    (2, 4)
  3. C
    (2, 3)
  4. D
    (3, 4)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

We analyze the piecewise function carefully on each interval and then check continuity and differentiability at all possible problematic points.

Given

f(x)={sin⁡(x−[x])x−[x],x∈(−2,−1)max⁡{2x,3[∣x∣]},∣x∣<11,otherwisef(x)= \begin{cases} \dfrac{\sin(x-[x])}{x-[x]}, & x\in(-2,-1)\\[4pt] \max\{2x,3[|x|]\}, & |x|<1\\[4pt] 1, & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}f(x)=⎩⎨⎧​x−[x]sin(x−[x])​,max{2x,3[∣x∣]},1,​x∈(−2,−1)∣x∣<1otherwise​

where [t][t][t] is the greatest integer function.


1. Simplify each branch

1.1 For x∈(−2,−1)x\in(-2,-1)x∈(−2,−1)

If x∈(−2,−1)x\in(-2,-1)x∈(−2,−1), then [x]=−2[x]=-2[x]=−2. So x−[x]=x+2∈(0,1).x-[x]=x+2 \in (0,1).x−[x]=x+2∈(0,1). Hence on (−2,−1)(-2,-1)(−2,−1), f(x)=sin⁡(x+2)x+2.f(x)=\frac{\sin(x+2)}{x+2}.f(x)=x+2sin(x+2)​. This is continuous and differentiable throughout (−2,−1)(-2,-1)(−2,−1) because x+2≠0x+2\neq 0x+2=0 there.


1.2 For ∣x∣<1|x|<1∣x∣<1

Then x∈(−1,1)x\in(-1,1)x∈(−1,1). Since ∣x∣<1|x|<1∣x∣<1, we have [∣x∣]=0[|x|]=0[∣x∣]=0. So f(x)=max⁡{2x,0},−1<x<1.f(x)=\max\{2x,0\}, \qquad -1<x<1.f(x)=max{2x,0},−1<x<1. Thus

{0,−1<x≤0,2x,0≤x<1.\begin{cases} 0, & -1<x\le 0,\\ 2x, & 0\le x<1. \end{cases}{0,2x,​−1<x≤0,0≤x<1.​

More precisely:

  • for x<0x<0x<0, 2x<02x<02x<0, so max⁡{2x,0}=0\max\{2x,0\}=0max{2x,0}=0;
  • for x>0x>0x>0, 2x>02x>02x>0, so max⁡{2x,0}=2x\max\{2x,0\}=2xmax{2x,0}=2x;
  • at x=0x=0x=0, both are 000, so f(0)=0f(0)=0f(0)=0.

This is continuous on (−1,1)(-1,1)(−1,1), but at x=0x=0x=0 we should check differentiability.


1.3 Otherwise

The “otherwise” region means all xxx not in (−2,−1)(-2,-1)(−2,−1) and not in (−1,1)(-1,1)(−1,1). So on the remaining set, f(x)=1.f(x)=1.f(x)=1. In particular, this includes x=−2,−1,1x=-2,-1,1x=−2,−1,1 and all x≤−2x\le -2x≤−2 and x≥1x\ge 1x≥1.


2. Candidate points for discontinuity / non-differentiability

Inside each open interval, the formula is smooth except possibly at x=0x=0x=0 due to the max-function. So only boundary/junction points need checking: x=−2,−1,0,1.x=-2,-1,0,1.x=−2,−1,0,1.


3. Continuity check

3.1 At x=−2x=-2x=−2

We have f(−2)=1f(-2)=1f(−2)=1 because x=−2x=-2x=−2 falls in the “otherwise” case.

Right-hand limit from (−2,−1)(-2,-1)(−2,−1): lim⁡x→−2+sin⁡(x+2)x+2=1.\lim_{x\to -2^+} \frac{\sin(x+2)}{x+2}=1.limx→−2+​x+2sin(x+2)​=1. Left-hand limit from x<−2x<-2x<−2: since f(x)=1f(x)=1f(x)=1 there, lim⁡x→−2−f(x)=1.\lim_{x\to -2^-} f(x)=1.limx→−2−​f(x)=1. Thus both one-sided limits equal f(−2)=1f(-2)=1f(−2)=1.

So fff is continuous at x=−2x=-2x=−2.


3.2 At x=−1x=-1x=−1

We have f(−1)=1f(-1)=1f(−1)=1 ("otherwise" case).

Left-hand limit from (−2,−1)(-2,-1)(−2,−1): lim⁡x→−1−sin⁡(x+2)x+2=sin⁡11=sin⁡1.\lim_{x\to -1^-} \frac{\sin(x+2)}{x+2}=\frac{\sin 1}{1}=\sin 1.limx→−1−​x+2sin(x+2)​=1sin1​=sin1. Right-hand limit from (−1,1)(-1,1)(−1,1): for −1<x<0-1<x<0−1<x<0, f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0, so lim⁡x→−1+f(x)=0.\lim_{x\to -1^+} f(x)=0.limx→−1+​f(x)=0. Since sin⁡1≠0,\sin 1 \neq 0,sin1=0, and left and right limits are unequal, fff is not continuous at x=−1x=-1x=−1.


3.3 At x=0x=0x=0

From the simplified form:

  • for x<0x<0x<0, f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0;
  • for x>0x>0x>0, f(x)=2xf(x)=2xf(x)=2x;
  • and f(0)=0f(0)=0f(0)=0.

So lim⁡x→0−f(x)=0,lim⁡x→0+f(x)=0,\lim_{x\to 0^-} f(x)=0, \qquad \lim_{x\to 0^+} f(x)=0,limx→0−​f(x)=0,limx→0+​f(x)=0, and both equal f(0)=0f(0)=0f(0)=0.

Hence fff is continuous at x=0x=0x=0.


3.4 At x=1x=1x=1

We have f(1)=1f(1)=1f(1)=1 ("otherwise").

Left-hand limit from (−1,1)(-1,1)(−1,1): for 0<x<10<x<10<x<1, f(x)=2xf(x)=2xf(x)=2x, so lim⁡x→1−f(x)=2.\lim_{x\to 1^-} f(x)=2.limx→1−​f(x)=2. Right-hand limit from x>1x>1x>1: f(x)=1f(x)=1f(x)=1, so lim⁡x→1+f(x)=1.\lim_{x\to 1^+} f(x)=1.limx→1+​f(x)=1. They are unequal, so fff is not continuous at x=1x=1x=1.


4. Number of discontinuity points

Discontinuity occurs at x=−1, 1.x=-1,\ 1.x=−1, 1. So m=2.m=2.m=2.


5. Differentiability check

A function not continuous at a point cannot be differentiable there, so immediately:

  • not differentiable at x=−1x=-1x=−1,
  • not differentiable at x=1x=1x=1.

Now check the remaining candidate points.


5.1 At x=−2x=-2x=−2

On the left of −2-2−2, f(x)=1f(x)=1f(x)=1, so left derivative is 000. On the right, f(x)=sin⁡(x+2)x+2.f(x)=\frac{\sin(x+2)}{x+2}.f(x)=x+2sin(x+2)​. Let t=x+2t=x+2t=x+2. Then as x→−2+x\to -2^+x→−2+, t→0+t\to 0^+t→0+ and f(x)=sin⁡tt.f(x)=\frac{\sin t}{t}.f(x)=tsint​. Thus right derivative at −2-2−2 is

=\lim_{t\to 0^+} \frac{\frac{\sin t}{t}-1}{t}.$$ Using expansion $\sin t=t-\frac{t^3}{6}+\cdots$, $$\frac{\sin t}{t}=1-\frac{t^2}{6}+\cdots$$ So $$\frac{\frac{\sin t}{t}-1}{t} \sim \frac{-t^2/6}{t}=-\frac t6\to 0.$$ Hence right derivative is also $0$. Therefore $f$ is **differentiable at $x=-2$**. --- ### 5.2 At $x=0$ For $x<0$, $f(x)=0$, so $$f'_-(0)=0.$$ For $x>0$, $f(x)=2x$, so $$f'_+(0)=2.$$ Since the one-sided derivatives are unequal, $f$ is **not differentiable at $x=0$**. --- ## 6. Number of non-differentiability points Non-differentiability occurs at $$x=-1,\ 0,\ 1.$$ So $$n=3.$$ --- ## 7. Final answer Thus $$(m,n)=(2,3).$$ This matches **Option C**. --- ## 8. Comparison with stored answer Stored correct answer: **C** Our derived answer: **C = $(2,3)$** So the stored answer is correct.
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