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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2022 · 26 Jul · Shift 1 · Q25
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  5. /2022 · 26 Jul · Shift 1 · Q25

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2022 · 26 Jul · Shift 1 · Q25

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
Let f : R →\to→ R be a continuous function such that f(3x)−f(x)=xf(3x) - f(x) = xf(3x)−f(x)=x. If f(8)=7f(8) = 7f(8)=7, then f(14)f(14)f(14) is equal to :
  1. A
    4
  2. B
    10
  3. C
    11
  4. D
    16
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. We are given f(3x)−f(x)=x  for all x∈R,f(3x)-f(x)=x \,\text{ for all } x\in \mathbb{R},f(3x)−f(x)=x for all x∈R, and fff is continuous.

  2. We want to find f(14)f(14)f(14), given that f(8)=7.f(8)=7.f(8)=7.

  3. Use the functional equation at a convenient value of xxx. To connect 888 and 141414, notice that if we take x=83,x=\frac{8}{3},x=38​, then 3x=83x=83x=8.

    Substituting into f(3x)−f(x)=x,f(3x)-f(x)=x,f(3x)−f(x)=x, we get f(8)−f(83)=83.f(8)-f\left(\frac{8}{3}\right)=\frac{8}{3}.f(8)−f(38​)=38​.

    Since f(8)=7f(8)=7f(8)=7, 7−f(83)=83.7-f\left(\frac{8}{3}\right)=\frac{8}{3}.7−f(38​)=38​.

    Hence, f(83)=7−83=21−83=133.f\left(\frac{8}{3}\right)=7-\frac{8}{3}=\frac{21-8}{3}=\frac{13}{3}.f(38​)=7−38​=321−8​=313​.

  4. Now take x=143,x=\frac{14}{3},x=314​, so that 3x=143x=143x=14. Then f(14)−f(143)=143.f(14)-f\left(\frac{14}{3}\right)=\frac{14}{3}.f(14)−f(314​)=314​.

    But this alone does not directly use f(8)=7f(8)=7f(8)=7. So instead, let us derive the general form of fff.

  5. Solve the functional equation. We try a linear function: f(x)=ax+b.f(x)=ax+b.f(x)=ax+b. Then f(3x)−f(x)=(3ax+b)−(ax+b)=2ax.f(3x)-f(x)=(3ax+b)-(ax+b)=2ax.f(3x)−f(x)=(3ax+b)−(ax+b)=2ax. This must equal xxx for all xxx, so 2a=1  ⟹  a=12.2a=1 \implies a=\frac12.2a=1⟹a=21​.

    Thus one candidate is f(x)=x2+b.f(x)=\frac{x}{2}+b.f(x)=2x​+b.

  6. Verify using the given value f(8)=7f(8)=7f(8)=7: f(8)=82+b=4+b=7,f(8)=\frac{8}{2}+b=4+b=7,f(8)=28​+b=4+b=7, so b=3.b=3.b=3.

    Therefore, f(x)=x2+3.f(x)=\frac{x}{2}+3.f(x)=2x​+3.

  7. Now compute f(14)f(14)f(14): f(14)=142+3=7+3=10.f(14)=\frac{14}{2}+3=7+3=10.f(14)=214​+3=7+3=10.

  8. Check uniqueness. Let g(x)=f(x)−(x2+3).g(x)=f(x)-\left(\frac{x}{2}+3\right).g(x)=f(x)−(2x​+3). Then ggg is continuous and g(3x)−g(x)=0  ⟹  g(3x)=g(x).g(3x)-g(x)=0 \implies g(3x)=g(x).g(3x)−g(x)=0⟹g(3x)=g(x). Replacing xxx by x/3nx/3^nx/3n, g(x)=g(x3n).g(x)=g\left(\frac{x}{3^n}\right).g(x)=g(3nx​). As n→∞n\to\inftyn→∞, x3n→0\frac{x}{3^n}\to 03nx​→0. By continuity, g(x)=g(0),g(x)=g(0),g(x)=g(0), so ggg is constant. Hence the linear form found is the unique continuous solution.

Therefore, f(14)=10.\boxed{f(14)=10}. f(14)=10​.

So the correct option is B.

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