Given limit
We need to evaluate
L = lim x → π 2 tan 2 x ( 2 sin 2 x + 3 sin x + 4 − sin 2 x + 6 sin x + 2 ) . L=\lim_{x\to \frac\pi2}\tan^2 x\left(\sqrt{2\sin^2 x+3\sin x+4}-\sqrt{\sin^2 x+6\sin x+2}\right). L = x → 2 π lim tan 2 x ( 2 sin 2 x + 3 sin x + 4 − sin 2 x + 6 sin x + 2 ) .
As x → π 2 x\to \frac\pi2 x → 2 π , we have sin x → 1 \sin x\to 1 sin x → 1 and tan 2 x → ∞ \tan^2 x\to \infty tan 2 x → ∞ , while the bracket tends to
2 + 3 + 4 − 1 + 6 + 2 = 3 − 3 = 0. \sqrt{2+3+4}-\sqrt{1+6+2}=3-3=0. 2 + 3 + 4 − 1 + 6 + 2 = 3 − 3 = 0.
So this is of the indeterminate form ∞ ⋅ 0 \infty\cdot 0 ∞ ⋅ 0 .
Rationalize the expression inside the bracket
Let
A = 2 sin 2 x + 3 sin x + 4 , B = sin 2 x + 6 sin x + 2. A=2\sin^2 x+3\sin x+4,\qquad B=\sin^2 x+6\sin x+2. A = 2 sin 2 x + 3 sin x + 4 , B = sin 2 x + 6 sin x + 2.
Then
A − B = A − B A + B . \sqrt A-\sqrt B=\frac{A-B}{\sqrt A+\sqrt B}. A − B = A + B A − B .
Hence
L = lim x → π 2 tan 2 x ⋅ A − B A + B . L=\lim_{x\to \frac\pi2}\tan^2 x\cdot \frac{A-B}{\sqrt A+\sqrt B}. L = x → 2 π lim tan 2 x ⋅ A + B A − B .
Now,
A − B = ( 2 sin 2 x + 3 sin x + 4 ) − ( sin 2 x + 6 sin x + 2 ) A-B=(2\sin^2 x+3\sin x+4)-(\sin^2 x+6\sin x+2) A − B = ( 2 sin 2 x + 3 sin x + 4 ) − ( sin 2 x + 6 sin x + 2 )
= sin 2 x − 3 sin x + 2. =\sin^2 x-3\sin x+2. = sin 2 x − 3 sin x + 2.
Factorize:
sin 2 x − 3 sin x + 2 = ( sin x − 1 ) ( sin x − 2 ) . \sin^2 x-3\sin x+2=(\sin x-1)(\sin x-2). sin 2 x − 3 sin x + 2 = ( sin x − 1 ) ( sin x − 2 ) .
So,
L = lim x → π 2 tan 2 x ⋅ ( sin x − 1 ) ( sin x − 2 ) A + B . L=\lim_{x\to \frac\pi2}\tan^2 x\cdot \frac{(\sin x-1)(\sin x-2)}{\sqrt A+\sqrt B}. L = x → 2 π lim tan 2 x ⋅ A + B ( sin x − 1 ) ( sin x − 2 ) .
Use identities near x = π 2 x=\frac\pi2 x = 2 π
Recall
tan 2 x = sin 2 x cos 2 x , \tan^2 x=\frac{\sin^2 x}{\cos^2 x}, tan 2 x = cos 2 x sin 2 x ,
and
1 − sin 2 x = cos 2 x ⟹ ( 1 − sin x ) ( 1 + sin x ) = cos 2 x . 1-\sin^2 x=\cos^2 x \implies (1-\sin x)(1+\sin x)=\cos^2 x. 1 − sin 2 x = cos 2 x ⟹ ( 1 − sin x ) ( 1 + sin x ) = cos 2 x .
Thus
sin x − 1 = − ( 1 − sin x ) = − cos 2 x 1 + sin x . \sin x-1=-(1-\sin x)=-\frac{\cos^2 x}{1+\sin x}. sin x − 1 = − ( 1 − sin x ) = − 1 + sin x cos 2 x .
Substitute this:
L = lim x → π 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x ⋅ ( − cos 2 x 1 + sin x ) ( sin x − 2 ) A + B . L=\lim_{x\to \frac\pi2}\frac{\sin^2 x}{\cos^2 x}\cdot \frac{\left(-\frac{\cos^2 x}{1+\sin x}\right)(\sin x-2)}{\sqrt A+\sqrt B}. L = x → 2 π lim cos 2 x sin 2 x ⋅ A + B ( − 1 + s i n x c o s 2 x ) ( sin x − 2 ) .
The cos 2 x \cos^2 x cos 2 x cancels:
L = lim x → π 2 − sin 2 x ( sin x − 2 ) ( 1 + sin x ) ( A + B ) . L=\lim_{x\to \frac\pi2}-\frac{\sin^2 x(\sin x-2)}{(1+\sin x)(\sqrt A+\sqrt B)}. L = x → 2 π lim − ( 1 + sin x ) ( A + B ) sin 2 x ( sin x − 2 ) .
Now substitute sin x → 1 \sin x\to 1 sin x → 1
As x → π 2 x\to \frac\pi2 x → 2 π :
sin x → 1 \sin x\to 1 sin x → 1
sin 2 x → 1 \sin^2 x\to 1 sin 2 x → 1
sin x − 2 → − 1 \sin x-2\to -1 sin x − 2 → − 1
1 + sin x → 2 1+\sin x\to 2 1 + sin x → 2
A → 9 A\to 9 A → 9 , so A → 3 \sqrt A\to 3 A → 3
B → 9 B\to 9 B → 9 , so B → 3 \sqrt B\to 3 B → 3
Therefore,
L = − 1 ⋅ ( − 1 ) 2 ( 3 + 3 ) = 1 12 . L=-\frac{1\cdot(-1)}{2(3+3)}=\frac{1}{12}. L = − 2 ( 3 + 3 ) 1 ⋅ ( − 1 ) = 12 1 .
Option check
Thus,
1 12 \boxed{\frac{1}{12}} 12 1
which corresponds to Option A .
Comparison with stored answer
Stored correct answer: A
Our derived answer: A
So they agree.