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Electrochemistry question

2023 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q17
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Electrochemistry question

2023 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q17

JEE MainChemistryElectrochemistryNumerical+4 / −1
The equilibrium constant for the reaction Zn(s)+Sn2+(aq)\mathrm{Zn(s)+Sn^{2+}(aq)}Zn(s)+Sn2+(aq) ⇌\rightleftharpoons⇌ Zn2+(aq)+Sn(s)\mathrm{Zn^{2+}(aq)+Sn(s)}Zn2+(aq)+Sn(s) is 1×10201\times10^{20}1×1020 at 298 K. The magnitude of standard electrode potential of Sn/Sn2+\mathrm{Sn/Sn^{2+}}Sn/Sn2+ if EZn2+/ZnΘ=−0.76 V\mathrm{E_{Z{n^{2 + }}/Zn}^\Theta = - 0.76~V}EZn2+/ZnΘ​=−0.76 V is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​×10−2\times 10^{-2}×10−2 V. (Nearest integer) Given : 2.303RTF=0.059 V\mathrm{\frac{2.303RT}{F}=0.059~V}F2.303RT​=0.059 V
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 17

  1. Write the given reaction and identify electron transfer

The reaction is Zn(s)+Sn2+(aq)⇌Zn2+(aq)+Sn(s)\mathrm{Zn(s) + Sn^{2+}(aq) \rightleftharpoons Zn^{2+}(aq) + Sn(s)}Zn(s)+Sn2+(aq)⇌Zn2+(aq)+Sn(s)

Half-reactions:

  • Oxidation: Zn→Zn2++2e−\mathrm{Zn \to Zn^{2+} + 2e^-}Zn→Zn2++2e−
  • Reduction: Sn2++2e−→Sn\mathrm{Sn^{2+} + 2e^- \to Sn}Sn2++2e−→Sn

So, the number of electrons transferred is n=2n=2n=2


  1. Use the relation between standard cell potential and equilibrium constant

At equilibrium, Ecell∘=0.059nlog⁡KE^\circ_{\text{cell}} = \frac{0.059}{n}\log KEcell∘​=n0.059​logK

Given:

  • K=1×1020K = 1 \times 10^{20}K=1×1020
  • n=2n=2n=2

Thus, Ecell∘=0.0592log⁡(1020)E^\circ_{\text{cell}} = \frac{0.059}{2}\log(10^{20})Ecell∘​=20.059​log(1020) Ecell∘=0.0592×20E^\circ_{\text{cell}} = \frac{0.059}{2}\times 20Ecell∘​=20.059​×20 Ecell∘=0.59 VE^\circ_{\text{cell}} = 0.59\ \text{V}Ecell∘​=0.59 V


  1. Relate cell potential to electrode potentials

For the reaction,

  • Cathode: Sn2+/Sn\mathrm{Sn^{2+}/Sn}Sn2+/Sn
  • Anode: Zn2+/Zn\mathrm{Zn^{2+}/Zn}Zn2+/Zn

Therefore, Ecell∘=Ecathode∘−Eanode∘E^\circ_{\text{cell}} = E^\circ_{\text{cathode}} - E^\circ_{\text{anode}}Ecell∘​=Ecathode∘​−Eanode∘​ 0.59=ESn2+/Sn∘−(−0.76)0.59 = E^\circ_{\mathrm{Sn^{2+}/Sn}} - (-0.76)0.59=ESn2+/Sn∘​−(−0.76) 0.59=ESn2+/Sn∘+0.760.59 = E^\circ_{\mathrm{Sn^{2+}/Sn}} + 0.760.59=ESn2+/Sn∘​+0.76

So, ESn2+/Sn∘=0.59−0.76=−0.17 VE^\circ_{\mathrm{Sn^{2+}/Sn}} = 0.59 - 0.76 = -0.17\ \text{V}ESn2+/Sn∘​=0.59−0.76=−0.17 V

Hence, the magnitude is ∣ESn2+/Sn∘∣=0.17 V=17×10−2 V|E^\circ_{\mathrm{Sn^{2+}/Sn}}| = 0.17\ \text{V} = 17 \times 10^{-2}\ \text{V}∣ESn2+/Sn∘​∣=0.17 V=17×10−2 V


  1. Nearest integer

The required value is 17\boxed{17}17​

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