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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2025 · 2 Apr · Shift 2 · Q5
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2025 · 2 Apr · Shift 2 · Q5

JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMCQ+4 / −1
Which among the following molecules is (a) involved in sp3 d\mathrm{sp}^3 \mathrm{~d}sp3 d hybridization, (b) has different bond lengths and (c) has lone pair of electrons on the central atom?
  1. A
    XeF4\mathrm{XeF}_4XeF4​
  2. B
    XeF2\mathrm{XeF}_2XeF2​
  3. C
    PF5\mathrm{PF}_5PF5​
  4. D
    SF4\mathrm{SF}_4SF4​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Check which molecules involve sp3dsp^3dsp3d hybridization

For sp3dsp^3dsp3d hybridization, the central atom must have 5 electron domains.

  • A: XeF4\mathrm{XeF_4}XeF4​
    Central Xe has 4 bond pairs + 2 lone pairs =6= 6=6 electron domains
    Hybridization =sp3d2= sp^3d^2=sp3d2
    So, not sp3dsp^3dsp3d.

  • B: XeF2\mathrm{XeF_2}XeF2​
    Central Xe has 2 bond pairs + 3 lone pairs =5= 5=5 electron domains
    Hybridization =sp3d= sp^3d=sp3d
    So, this satisfies condition (a).

  • C: PF5\mathrm{PF_5}PF5​
    Central P has 5 bond pairs + 0 lone pairs =5= 5=5 electron domains
    Hybridization =sp3d= sp^3d=sp3d
    So, this satisfies condition (a).

  • D: SF4\mathrm{SF_4}SF4​
    Central S has 4 bond pairs + 1 lone pair =5= 5=5 electron domains
    Hybridization =sp3d= sp^3d=sp3d
    So, this satisfies condition (a).

  1. Check for different bond lengths

In a trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry, axial and equatorial bonds are different.

  • XeF2\mathrm{XeF_2}XeF2​: linear molecule; both Xe–F bonds are equivalent, so bond lengths are same.
  • PF5\mathrm{PF_5}PF5​: trigonal bipyramidal; axial and equatorial P–F bonds are different, so bond lengths differ.
  • SF4\mathrm{SF_4}SF4​: seesaw shape; axial and equatorial S–F bonds are different, so bond lengths differ.

Thus, condition (b) is satisfied by PF5\mathrm{PF_5}PF5​ and SF4\mathrm{SF_4}SF4​.

  1. Check for lone pair on the central atom
  • XeF2\mathrm{XeF_2}XeF2​: yes, 3 lone pairs on Xe.
  • PF5\mathrm{PF_5}PF5​: no lone pair on P.
  • SF4\mathrm{SF_4}SF4​: yes, 1 lone pair on S.

Thus, condition (c) is satisfied by XeF2\mathrm{XeF_2}XeF2​ and SF4\mathrm{SF_4}SF4​.

  1. Find the molecule satisfying all three conditions simultaneously

We need:

  • sp3dsp^3dsp3d hybridization,
  • different bond lengths,
  • lone pair on central atom.

Checking each:

  • XeF4\mathrm{XeF_4}XeF4​: fails (a)
  • XeF2\mathrm{XeF_2}XeF2​: fails (b)
  • PF5\mathrm{PF_5}PF5​: fails (c)
  • SF4\mathrm{SF_4}SF4​: satisfies all (a), (b), and (c)

Therefore, the correct answer is:

SF4\boxed{\mathrm{SF_4}}SF4​​

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