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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2020 · 5 Sep · Shift 2 · Q15
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  5. /2020 · 5 Sep · Shift 2 · Q15

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2020 · 5 Sep · Shift 2 · Q15

JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMCQ+4 / −1
The compound that has the largest H–M–H bond angle (M = N, O, S, C) is :
  1. A
    CH4CH_4CH4​
  2. B
    H2SH_2SH2​S
  3. C
    NH3NH_3NH3​
  4. D
    H2OH_2OH2​O
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. We compare the ∠H−M−H\angle H-M-H∠H−M−H bond angles in the given hydrides:
  • CH4CH_4CH4​ : ∠H−C−H\angle H-C-H∠H−C−H
  • NH3NH_3NH3​ : ∠H−N−H\angle H-N-H∠H−N−H
  • H2OH_2OH2​O : ∠H−O−H\angle H-O-H∠H−O−H
  • H2SH_2SH2​S : ∠H−S−H\angle H-S-H∠H−S−H
  1. Use VSEPR theory:
  • More lone pairs on the central atom compress bond angle.
  • Tetrahedral electron geometry gives ideal angle 109.5∘109.5^\circ109.5∘.
  1. Now evaluate each molecule:

(A) CH4CH_4CH4​

  • Central atom CCC has 4 bond pairs and 0 lone pairs.
  • Shape: tetrahedral.
  • Bond angle: ∠H−C−H=109.5∘\angle H-C-H = 109.5^\circ∠H−C−H=109.5∘

(C) NH3NH_3NH3​

  • Central atom NNN has 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair.
  • Shape: trigonal pyramidal.
  • Lone pair-bond pair repulsion decreases bond angle.
  • Bond angle: ∠H−N−H≈107∘\angle H-N-H \approx 107^\circ∠H−N−H≈107∘

(D) H2OH_2OH2​O

  • Central atom OOO has 2 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs.
  • Shape: bent.
  • Two lone pairs compress the angle further.
  • Bond angle: ∠H−O−H≈104.5∘\angle H-O-H \approx 104.5^\circ∠H−O−H≈104.5∘

(B) H2SH_2SH2​S

  • Central atom SSS has 2 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs.
  • Shape: bent.
  • Because of larger size of sulfur and less effective hybridization, the angle is even smaller.
  • Bond angle: ∠H−S−H≈92∘\angle H-S-H \approx 92^\circ∠H−S−H≈92∘
  1. Compare all values:

109.5∘>107∘>104.5∘>92∘109.5^\circ > 107^\circ > 104.5^\circ > 92^\circ109.5∘>107∘>104.5∘>92∘

So the largest H−M−HH-M-HH−M−H bond angle is in CH4CH_4CH4​.

  1. Therefore, the correct option is:

A  (CH4)\boxed{A\; (CH_4)}A(CH4​)​

  1. Comparison with stored correct answer:
  • Stored correct answer: AAA
  • Derived answer: AAA

They match.

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