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Capacitor question

2023 · 8 Apr · Shift 2 · Q66
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  5. /2023 · 8 Apr · Shift 2 · Q66

Capacitor question

2023 · 8 Apr · Shift 2 · Q66

JEE MainPhysicsCapacitorNumerical+4 / −1
A 600 pF600 ~\mathrm{pF}600 pF capacitor is charged by 200 V200 \mathrm{~V}200 V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply and is connected to another uncharged 600 pF600 ~\mathrm{pF}600 pF capacitor. Electrostatic energy lost in the process is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​μJ\mu \mathrm{J}μJ
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 6

  1. Given data

    • First capacitor: C1=600 pF=600×10−12 FC_1 = 600\,\text{pF} = 600 \times 10^{-12}\,\text{F}C1​=600pF=600×10−12F
    • Initial voltage on it: V=200 VV = 200\,\text{V}V=200V
    • Second capacitor: C2=600 pFC_2 = 600\,\text{pF}C2​=600pF, initially uncharged
  2. Initial energy stored in the first capacitor

    The electrostatic energy stored in a capacitor is U=12CV2U = \frac{1}{2}CV^2U=21​CV2 So initially, Ui=12(600×10−12)(200)2U_i = \frac{1}{2}(600 \times 10^{-12})(200)^2Ui​=21​(600×10−12)(200)2

    Now, (200)2=40000(200)^2 = 40000(200)2=40000 Hence, Ui=12×600×10−12×40000U_i = \frac{1}{2} \times 600 \times 10^{-12} \times 40000Ui​=21​×600×10−12×40000 Ui=300×10−12×40000U_i = 300 \times 10^{-12} \times 40000Ui​=300×10−12×40000 Ui=12×10−6 J=12 μJU_i = 12 \times 10^{-6}\,\text{J} = 12\,\mu\text{J}Ui​=12×10−6J=12μJ

  3. After connecting to another identical uncharged capacitor

    Since the second capacitor is identical and initially uncharged, charge redistributes equally.

    Therefore, the final voltage becomes Vf=V2=100 VV_f = \frac{V}{2} = 100\,\text{V}Vf​=2V​=100V

    Total capacitance of the two capacitors in parallel: Ceq=C1+C2=1200 pF=1200×10−12 FC_{\text{eq}} = C_1 + C_2 = 1200\,\text{pF} = 1200 \times 10^{-12}\,\text{F}Ceq​=C1​+C2​=1200pF=1200×10−12F

  4. Final energy of the system

    Uf=12CeqVf2U_f = \frac{1}{2}C_{\text{eq}}V_f^2Uf​=21​Ceq​Vf2​ Uf=12(1200×10−12)(100)2U_f = \frac{1}{2}(1200 \times 10^{-12})(100)^2Uf​=21​(1200×10−12)(100)2

    Since (100)2=10000(100)^2 = 10000(100)2=10000, Uf=12×1200×10−12×10000U_f = \frac{1}{2} \times 1200 \times 10^{-12} \times 10000Uf​=21​×1200×10−12×10000 Uf=600×10−12×10000U_f = 600 \times 10^{-12} \times 10000Uf​=600×10−12×10000 Uf=6×10−6 J=6 μJU_f = 6 \times 10^{-6}\,\text{J} = 6\,\mu\text{J}Uf​=6×10−6J=6μJ

  5. Energy lost

    ΔU=Ui−Uf\Delta U = U_i - U_fΔU=Ui​−Uf​ ΔU=12−6=6 μJ\Delta U = 12 - 6 = 6\,\mu\text{J}ΔU=12−6=6μJ

  6. Final answer

    Electrostatic energy lost is 6 μJ\boxed{6\,\mu\text{J}}6μJ​

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