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Probability question

2020 · 3 Sep · Shift 2 · Q31
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Probability question

2020 · 3 Sep · Shift 2 · Q31

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
The probability that a randomly chosen 5-digit number is made from exactly two digits is :
  1. A
    150104{{150} \over {{{10}^4}}}104150​
  2. B
    134104{{134} \over {{{10}^4}}}104134​
  3. C
    121104{{121} \over {{{10}^4}}}104121​
  4. D
    135104{{135} \over {{{10}^4}}}104135​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Total number of 5-digit numbers

A 5-digit number ranges from 100001000010000 to 999999999999999. So the total number of 5-digit numbers is 99999−10000+1=90000.99999-10000+1=90000.99999−10000+1=90000.

  1. We want numbers made from exactly two digits

This means in the 5-digit number, only two distinct digits appear.

We count such numbers carefully.


  1. Case 1: One of the digits is 000

Let the two digits be {0,a}\{0,a\}{0,a} where a∈{1,2,…,9}a\in\{1,2,\dots,9\}a∈{1,2,…,9}. So there are 999 choices for aaa.

Now form 5-digit numbers using only 000 and aaa, with both digits appearing, and the first digit cannot be 000.

Since the first digit cannot be 000, it must be aaa. The remaining 4 positions can each be 000 or aaa: 24=162^4=1624=16 ways.

But the number aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa uses only one distinct digit, so exclude it. Thus for each aaa, valid numbers are 16−1=15.16-1=15.16−1=15.

Hence total from this case: 9×15=135.9\times 15=135.9×15=135.


  1. Case 2: Both digits are nonzero

Let the two digits be chosen from {1,2,…,9}\{1,2,\dots,9\}{1,2,…,9}. Number of ways to choose 2 digits: (92)=36.\binom{9}{2}=36.(29​)=36.

For a fixed pair of digits, each of the 5 positions can be filled in 2 ways: 25=32.2^5=32.25=32.

But exclude the two numbers where all digits are the same, since we need exactly two distinct digits: 32−2=30.32-2=30.32−2=30.

So total from this case: 36×30=1080.36\times 30=1080.36×30=1080.


  1. Total favorable numbers

135+1080=1215.135+1080=1215.135+1080=1215.

  1. Required probability

P=121590000.P=\frac{1215}{90000}.P=900001215​.

Simplify: 121590000=272000=13510000.\frac{1215}{90000}=\frac{27}{2000}=\frac{135}{10000}.900001215​=200027​=10000135​.

So the probability is 135104.\boxed{\frac{135}{10^4}}.104135​​.

  1. Compare with options

Option D is 135104,\frac{135}{10^4},104135​, which matches our result.

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