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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 2 · Q33
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  5. /2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 2 · Q33

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 2 · Q33

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
Let fff and ggg be two functions defined by f(x)={x+1,x<0∣x−1∣,x≥0f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}x+1, & x \lt 0 \\ |x-1|, & x \geq 0\end{array}\right.f(x)={x+1,∣x−1∣,​x<0x≥0​ and g(x)={x+1,x<01,x≥0g(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}x+1, & x \lt 0 \\ 1, & x \geq 0\end{array}\right.g(x)={x+1,1,​x<0x≥0​ Then (g∘f)(x)(g \circ f)(x)(g∘f)(x) is :
  1. A
    continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x=1x=1x=1
  2. B
    differentiable everywhere
  3. C
    not continuous at x=−1x=-1x=−1
  4. D
    continuous everywhere but not differentiable exactly at one point
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Given functions
f(x)={x+1,x<0∣x−1∣,x≥0g(x)={x+1,x<01,x≥0f(x)= \begin{cases} x+1, & x<0\\ |x-1|, & x\ge 0 \end{cases} \qquad g(x)= \begin{cases} x+1, & x<0\\ 1, & x\ge 0 \end{cases}f(x)={x+1,∣x−1∣,​x<0x≥0​g(x)={x+1,1,​x<0x≥0​

We need to find the composite function

(g∘f)(x)=g(f(x)).(g\circ f)(x)=g(f(x)).(g∘f)(x)=g(f(x)).
  1. First simplify f(x)f(x)f(x)

For x≥0x\ge 0x≥0,

∣x−1∣={1−x,0≤x<1,x−1,x≥1.|x-1|= \begin{cases} 1-x, & 0\le x<1,\\ x-1, & x\ge 1. \end{cases}∣x−1∣={1−x,x−1,​0≤x<1,x≥1.​

So

f(x)={x+1,x<0,1−x,0≤x<1,x−1,x≥1.f(x)= \begin{cases} x+1, & x<0,\\ 1-x, & 0\le x<1,\\ x-1, & x\ge 1. \end{cases}f(x)=⎩⎨⎧​x+1,1−x,x−1,​x<0,0≤x<1,x≥1.​
  1. Now compute g(f(x))g(f(x))g(f(x)) case-wise

Recall:

  • if the input to ggg is negative, then g(t)=t+1g(t)=t+1g(t)=t+1;
  • if the input to ggg is nonnegative, then g(t)=1g(t)=1g(t)=1.

So we must check the sign of f(x)f(x)f(x).

Case 1: x<0x<0x<0

Then

f(x)=x+1.f(x)=x+1.f(x)=x+1.

Now:

  • if x+1<0  ⟺  x<−1x+1<0 \iff x<-1x+1<0⟺x<−1, then g(f(x))=g(x+1)=(x+1)+1=x+2;g(f(x))=g(x+1)=(x+1)+1=x+2;g(f(x))=g(x+1)=(x+1)+1=x+2;
  • if x+1≥0  ⟺  −1≤x<0x+1\ge 0 \iff -1\le x<0x+1≥0⟺−1≤x<0, then g(f(x))=1.g(f(x))=1.g(f(x))=1.

Thus for x<0x<0x<0,

(g∘f)(x)={x+2,x<−1,1,−1≤x<0.(g\circ f)(x)= \begin{cases} x+2, & x<-1,\\ 1, & -1\le x<0. \end{cases}(g∘f)(x)={x+2,1,​x<−1,−1≤x<0.​

Case 2: 0≤x<10\le x<10≤x<1

Then

f(x)=1−x.f(x)=1-x.f(x)=1−x.

Since 1−x>01-x>01−x>0 for 0≤x<10\le x<10≤x<1, we have

g(f(x))=1.g(f(x))=1.g(f(x))=1.

Case 3: x≥1x\ge 1x≥1

Then

f(x)=x−1≥0.f(x)=x-1\ge 0.f(x)=x−1≥0.

Hence

g(f(x))=1.g(f(x))=1.g(f(x))=1.

Combining all cases,

(g∘f)(x)={x+2,x<−1,1,x≥−1.(g\circ f)(x)= \begin{cases} x+2, & x<-1,\\ 1, & x\ge -1. \end{cases}(g∘f)(x)={x+2,1,​x<−1,x≥−1.​
  1. Check continuity

The only possible problematic point is where the formula changes, i.e. at x=−1x=-1x=−1.

  • Left-hand limit at x=−1x=-1x=−1: lim⁡x→−1−(g∘f)(x)=lim⁡x→−1−(x+2)=1.\lim_{x\to -1^-}(g\circ f)(x)=\lim_{x\to -1^-}(x+2)=1.x→−1−lim​(g∘f)(x)=x→−1−lim​(x+2)=1.
  • Right-hand limit at x=−1x=-1x=−1: lim⁡x→−1+(g∘f)(x)=1.\lim_{x\to -1^+}(g\circ f)(x)=1.x→−1+lim​(g∘f)(x)=1.
  • Function value: (g∘f)(−1)=1.(g\circ f)(-1)=1.(g∘f)(−1)=1.

So (g∘f)(x)(g\circ f)(x)(g∘f)(x) is continuous at x=−1x=-1x=−1.

Everywhere else each piece is continuous, hence (g∘f)(x)(g\circ f)(x)(g∘f)(x) is continuous everywhere.

So option C is false.


  1. Check differentiability

For x<−1x<-1x<−1,

(g∘f)(x)=x+2  ⟹  ddx(g∘f)(x)=1.(g\circ f)(x)=x+2 \implies \frac{d}{dx}(g\circ f)(x)=1.(g∘f)(x)=x+2⟹dxd​(g∘f)(x)=1.

For x>−1x>-1x>−1,

(g∘f)(x)=1  ⟹  ddx(g∘f)(x)=0.(g\circ f)(x)=1 \implies \frac{d}{dx}(g\circ f)(x)=0.(g∘f)(x)=1⟹dxd​(g∘f)(x)=0.

At x=−1x=-1x=−1:

  • left derivative =1=1=1
  • right derivative =0=0=0

These are unequal, so (g∘f)(x)(g\circ f)(x)(g∘f)(x) is not differentiable at x=−1x=-1x=−1.

At all other points it is differentiable.

Thus (g∘f)(x)(g\circ f)(x)(g∘f)(x) is:

  • continuous everywhere,
  • not differentiable at exactly one point.

  1. Evaluate options
  • A: continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x=1x=1x=1
    False, the non-differentiable point is x=−1x=-1x=−1.

  • B: differentiable everywhere
    False.

  • C: not continuous at x=−1x=-1x=−1
    False.

  • D: continuous everywhere but not differentiable exactly at one point
    True.


Therefore, the correct answer is

D\boxed{\text{D}}D​
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