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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 2 · Q28
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  5. /2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 2 · Q28

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 2 · Q28

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
The set of all values of aaa for which lim⁡x→a([x−5]−[2x+2])=0\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to a} ([x - 5] - [2x + 2]) = 0x→alim​([x−5]−[2x+2])=0, where [α\alphaα] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to α\alphaα is equal to
  1. A
    [−7.5,−6.5][-7.5,-6.5][−7.5,−6.5]
  2. B
    (−7.5,−6.5](-7.5,-6.5](−7.5,−6.5]
  3. C
    [−7.5,−6.5)[-7.5,-6.5)[−7.5,−6.5)
  4. D
    (−7.5,−6.5)(-7.5,-6.5)(−7.5,−6.5)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

We need the set of all aaa such that lim⁡x→a([x−5]−[2x+2])=0.\lim_{x\to a} \big([x-5]-[2x+2]\big)=0.limx→a​([x−5]−[2x+2])=0. Let f(x)=[x−5]−[2x+2].f(x)=[x-5]-[2x+2].f(x)=[x−5]−[2x+2]. We want points aaa where the two-sided limit exists and equals 000.

1. Rewrite using fractional-part idea

For any real ttt, [t]=t−{t},[t]=t-\{t\},[t]=t−{t}, where {t}\{t\}{t} is the fractional part. So, \begin{align*} f(x)&=(x-5-{x-5})-(2x+2-{2x+2})\ &=-x-7+{2x+2}-{x-5}. \end{align*} This is not the most direct route for limits, so instead we analyze where the floor functions jump.

2. Where can the limit fail to be locally constant?

The function [x−5][x-5][x−5] changes only when x−5∈Zx-5\in\mathbb Zx−5∈Z, i.e. x∈Z+5.x\in \mathbb Z+5.x∈Z+5. The function [2x+2][2x+2][2x+2] changes only when 2x+2∈Z2x+2\in\mathbb Z2x+2∈Z, i.e. x∈Z−22,x\in \frac{\mathbb Z-2}{2},x∈2Z−2​, which is the set of all integers and half-integers.

Hence f(x)f(x)f(x) is constant on every open interval between consecutive half-integers. Therefore, if aaa is not an integer or half-integer, then near aaa, f(x)f(x)f(x) is constant, so lim⁡x→af(x)=f(a).\lim_{x\to a} f(x)=f(a).limx→a​f(x)=f(a). Thus for such aaa, we only need f(a)=0.f(a)=0.f(a)=0.

3. Solve [x−5]−[2x+2]=0[x-5]-[2x+2]=0[x−5]−[2x+2]=0

We test xxx in intervals of length 12\frac1221​.

Let x=n+t,0≤t<1.x=n+t,\qquad 0\le t<1.x=n+t,0≤t<1. Then behavior depends on whether t<12t<\frac12t<21​ or t≥12t\ge \frac12t≥21​.

Case 1: x=n+tx=n+tx=n+t with 0≤t<120\le t<\frac120≤t<21​

Then 2x+2=2n+2+2t2x+2=2n+2+2t2x+2=2n+2+2t has fractional part 2t<12t<12t<1, so [2x+2]=2n+2.[2x+2]=2n+2.[2x+2]=2n+2. Also, [x−5]=[n+t−5]=n−5.[x-5]=[n+t-5]=n-5.[x−5]=[n+t−5]=n−5. Therefore, f(x)=(n−5)−(2n+2)=−n−7.f(x)=(n-5)-(2n+2)=-n-7.f(x)=(n−5)−(2n+2)=−n−7. For this to be 000, −n−7=0  ⟹  n=−7.-n-7=0 \implies n=-7.−n−7=0⟹n=−7. So in this case, x∈[−7,−6.5).x\in[-7,-6.5).x∈[−7,−6.5).

Case 2: x=n+tx=n+tx=n+t with 12≤t<1\frac12\le t<121​≤t<1

Now 2t∈[1,2)2t\in[1,2)2t∈[1,2), so [2x+2]=2n+3.[2x+2]=2n+3.[2x+2]=2n+3. And still [x−5]=n−5.[x-5]=n-5.[x−5]=n−5. Thus, f(x)=(n−5)−(2n+3)=−n−8.f(x)=(n-5)-(2n+3)=-n-8.f(x)=(n−5)−(2n+3)=−n−8. For this to be 000, −n−8=0  ⟹  n=−8.-n-8=0 \implies n=-8.−n−8=0⟹n=−8. So in this case, x∈[−7.5,−7).x\in[-7.5,-7).x∈[−7.5,−7).

Combining both cases, f(x)=0  ⟺  x∈[−7.5,−7)∪[−7,−6.5)=[−7.5,−6.5).f(x)=0 \iff x\in[-7.5,-7)\cup[-7,-6.5)=[-7.5,-6.5).f(x)=0⟺x∈[−7.5,−7)∪[−7,−6.5)=[−7.5,−6.5).

4. Now impose the limit condition

We need lim⁡x→af(x)=0.\lim_{x\to a} f(x)=0.limx→a​f(x)=0. Since fff is piecewise constant, this will hold exactly at points where a whole punctured neighborhood of aaa lies inside the set where f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0.

From above, f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 on [−7.5,−6.5).[-7.5,-6.5).[−7.5,−6.5). But we must check endpoints and jump points carefully.

  • For a∈(−7.5,−7)a\in(-7.5,-7)a∈(−7.5,−7): neighborhood lies inside region where f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0, so limit is 000.
  • For a=−7a=-7a=−7: on both sides, f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 (left interval [−7.5,−7)[-7.5,-7)[−7.5,−7) and right interval [−7,−6.5)[-7,-6.5)[−7,−6.5)), and indeed f(−7)=[−12]−[−12]=0.f(-7)=[-12]-[-12]=0.f(−7)=[−12]−[−12]=0. So limit is 000.
  • For a∈(−7,−6.5)a\in(-7,-6.5)a∈(−7,−6.5): again neighborhood lies inside region where f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0, so limit is 000.

Now endpoints:

At a=−7.5a=-7.5a=−7.5

Take left and right limits:

  • If x→−7.5+x\to -7.5^+x→−7.5+, then f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0.
  • If x→−7.5−x\to -7.5^-x→−7.5−, take for example x∈(−8,−7.5)x\in(-8,-7.5)x∈(−8,−7.5). Then n=−8n=-8n=−8, t<12t<\frac12t<21​, so f(x)=−(−8)−7=1.f(x)=-(-8)-7=1.f(x)=−(−8)−7=1. Thus left and right limits differ, so limit is not 000. Hence a=−7.5a=-7.5a=−7.5 is excluded.

At a=−6.5a=-6.5a=−6.5

  • If x→−6.5−x\to -6.5^-x→−6.5−, then f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0.
  • If x→−6.5+x\to -6.5^+x→−6.5+, take x∈(−6.5,−6)x\in(-6.5,-6)x∈(−6.5,−6). Then n=−7n=-7n=−7, t≥12t\ge \frac12t≥21​, so f(x)=−(−7)−8=−1.f(x)=-(-7)-8=-1.f(x)=−(−7)−8=−1. So the limit does not exist, hence not 000. Thus a=−6.5a=-6.5a=−6.5 is excluded.

Therefore the required set is (−7.5,−6.5).(-7.5,-6.5).(−7.5,−6.5).

5. Match with options

This is option D.

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