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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2022 · 28 Jul · Shift 2 · Q25
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  5. /2022 · 28 Jul · Shift 2 · Q25

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2022 · 28 Jul · Shift 2 · Q25

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
The function f:R→Rf: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}f:R→R defined by f(x)=lim⁡n→∞cos⁡(2πx)−x2nsin⁡(x−1)1+x2n+1−x2nf(x)=\lim\limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\cos (2 \pi x)-x^{2 n} \sin (x-1)}{1+x^{2 n+1}-x^{2 n}}f(x)=n→∞lim​1+x2n+1−x2ncos(2πx)−x2nsin(x−1)​ is continuous for all x in :
  1. A
    R−{−1}R-\{-1\}R−{−1}
  2. B
    R−{−1,1}\mathbb{R}-\{-1,1\}R−{−1,1}
  3. C
    R−{1}R-\{1\}R−{1}
  4. D
    R−{0}R-\{0\}R−{0}
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. We need to first evaluate the limit
f(x)=lim⁡n→∞cos⁡(2πx)−x2nsin⁡(x−1)1+x2n+1−x2n.f(x)=\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{\cos(2\pi x)-x^{2n}\sin(x-1)}{1+x^{2n+1}-x^{2n}}.f(x)=n→∞lim​1+x2n+1−x2ncos(2πx)−x2nsin(x−1)​.

The behavior depends on the value of ∣x∣|x|∣x∣.


  1. Case 1: ∣x∣<1|x|<1∣x∣<1

Then

x2n→0,x2n+1→0.x^{2n}\to 0, \qquad x^{2n+1}\to 0.x2n→0,x2n+1→0.

So the expression becomes

f(x)=cos⁡(2πx)−01+0−0=cos⁡(2πx).f(x)=\frac{\cos(2\pi x)-0}{1+0-0}=\cos(2\pi x).f(x)=1+0−0cos(2πx)−0​=cos(2πx).

Hence for ∣x∣<1|x|<1∣x∣<1,

f(x)=cos⁡(2πx).f(x)=\cos(2\pi x).f(x)=cos(2πx).


  1. Case 2: x=1x=1x=1

Substitute directly:

cos⁡(2π⋅1)−12nsin⁡(1−1)1+12n+1−12n=1−01+1−1=1.\frac{\cos(2\pi\cdot 1)-1^{2n}\sin(1-1)}{1+1^{2n+1}-1^{2n}} =\frac{1-0}{1+1-1}=1.1+12n+1−12ncos(2π⋅1)−12nsin(1−1)​=1+1−11−0​=1.

So

f(1)=1.f(1)=1.f(1)=1.


  1. Case 3: x=−1x=-1x=−1

Substitute directly:

  • Numerator:
cos⁡(−2π)−(−1)2nsin⁡(−2)=1−1⋅(−sin⁡2)=1+sin⁡2.\cos(-2\pi)-(-1)^{2n}\sin(-2)=1-1\cdot(-\sin 2)=1+\sin 2.cos(−2π)−(−1)2nsin(−2)=1−1⋅(−sin2)=1+sin2.
  • Denominator:
1+(−1)2n+1−(−1)2n=1−1−1=−1.1+(-1)^{2n+1}-(-1)^{2n}=1-1-1=-1.1+(−1)2n+1−(−1)2n=1−1−1=−1.

Thus

f(−1)=1+sin⁡2−1=−(1+sin⁡2).f(-1)=\frac{1+\sin 2}{-1}=-(1+\sin 2).f(−1)=−11+sin2​=−(1+sin2).

So f(−1)f(-1)f(−1) exists.


  1. Case 4: ∣x∣>1|x|>1∣x∣>1

Now x2n→∞x^{2n}\to \inftyx2n→∞ in magnitude, and we factor x2nx^{2n}x2n from numerator and denominator:

cos⁡(2πx)−x2nsin⁡(x−1)1+x2n+1−x2n=x2n(cos⁡(2πx)x2n−sin⁡(x−1))x2n(1x2n+x−1).\frac{\cos(2\pi x)-x^{2n}\sin(x-1)}{1+x^{2n+1}-x^{2n}} = \frac{x^{2n}\left(\dfrac{\cos(2\pi x)}{x^{2n}}-\sin(x-1)\right)}{x^{2n}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^{2n}}+x-1\right)}.1+x2n+1−x2ncos(2πx)−x2nsin(x−1)​=x2n(x2n1​+x−1)x2n(x2ncos(2πx)​−sin(x−1))​.

Therefore,

f(x)=\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{\dfrac{\cos(2\pi x)}{x^{2n}}-\sin(x-1)}{\dfrac{1}{x^{2n}}+x-1} = rac{-\sin(x-1)}{x-1}, \qquad (|x|>1).

So for ∣x∣>1|x|>1∣x∣>1,

f(x)=−sin⁡(x−1)x−1.f(x)=\frac{-\sin(x-1)}{x-1}.f(x)=x−1−sin(x−1)​.


  1. Hence the piecewise form is
f(x)={cos⁡(2πx),∣x∣<1,1,x=1,−(1+sin⁡2),x=−1,−sin⁡(x−1)x−1,∣x∣>1.f(x)= \begin{cases} \cos(2\pi x), & |x|<1,\\[4pt] 1, & x=1,\\[4pt] -(1+\sin2), & x=-1,\\[4pt] \dfrac{-\sin(x-1)}{x-1}, & |x|>1. \end{cases}f(x)=⎩⎨⎧​cos(2πx),1,−(1+sin2),x−1−sin(x−1)​,​∣x∣<1,x=1,x=−1,∣x∣>1.​

Now check continuity.


  1. Continuity for interior regions
  • On (−1,1)(-1,1)(−1,1), f(x)=cos⁡(2πx)f(x)=\cos(2\pi x)f(x)=cos(2πx), which is continuous.
  • On (1,∞)(1,\infty)(1,∞) and (−∞,−1)(-\infty,-1)(−∞,−1),

−sin⁡(x−1)x−1\frac{-\sin(x-1)}{x-1}x−1−sin(x−1)​

is continuous wherever x≠1x\ne 1x=1. In these intervals, x≠1x\ne 1x=1, so it is continuous.

Thus possible issues are only at x=1x=1x=1 and x=−1x=-1x=−1.


  1. Check continuity at x=1x=1x=1

Left-hand limit (x→1−x\to 1^-x→1−): since ∣x∣<1|x|<1∣x∣<1 nearby,

lim⁡x→1−f(x)=lim⁡x→1−cos⁡(2πx)=cos⁡(2π)=1.\lim_{x\to 1^-} f(x)=\lim_{x\to 1^-}\cos(2\pi x)=\cos(2\pi)=1.x→1−lim​f(x)=x→1−lim​cos(2πx)=cos(2π)=1.

Right-hand limit (x→1+x\to 1^+x→1+): since x>1x>1x>1 nearby,

lim⁡x→1+f(x)=lim⁡x→1+−sin⁡(x−1)x−1=−1\lim_{x\to 1^+} f(x)=\lim_{x\to 1^+}\frac{-\sin(x-1)}{x-1}=-1x→1+lim​f(x)=x→1+lim​x−1−sin(x−1)​=−1

because

lim⁡t→0sin⁡tt=1.\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{\sin t}{t}=1.limt→0​tsint​=1.

Since

1≠−1,1\ne -1,1=−1,

fff is discontinuous at x=1x=1x=1.


  1. Check continuity at x=−1x=-1x=−1

Left-hand limit (x→−1−x\to -1^-x→−1−): use ∣x∣>1|x|>1∣x∣>1 formula,

lim⁡x→−1−f(x)=lim⁡x→−1−−sin⁡(x−1)x−1=−sin⁡(−2)−2=−sin⁡22.\lim_{x\to -1^-} f(x)=\lim_{x\to -1^-}\frac{-\sin(x-1)}{x-1} =\frac{-\sin(-2)}{-2}=-\frac{\sin 2}{2}.x→−1−lim​f(x)=x→−1−lim​x−1−sin(x−1)​=−2−sin(−2)​=−2sin2​.

Right-hand limit (x→−1+x\to -1^+x→−1+): use ∣x∣<1|x|<1∣x∣<1 formula,

lim⁡x→−1+f(x)=cos⁡(−2π)=1.\lim_{x\to -1^+} f(x)=\cos(-2\pi)=1.x→−1+lim​f(x)=cos(−2π)=1.

These are not equal, so fff is discontinuous at x=−1x=-1x=−1.

Also they do not match f(−1)=−(1+sin⁡2)f(-1)=-(1+\sin2)f(−1)=−(1+sin2).

Hence fff is discontinuous at x=−1x=-1x=−1 also.


  1. Therefore fff is continuous for all real xxx except at x=±1x=\pm 1x=±1.

So the set is

R−{−1,1}.\mathbb{R}-\{-1,1\}.R−{−1,1}.

Thus the correct option is B.

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