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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2022 · 28 Jun · Shift 2 · Q27
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  5. /2022 · 28 Jun · Shift 2 · Q27

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2022 · 28 Jun · Shift 2 · Q27

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
Let f, g : R →\to→ R be functions defined by f(x)={[x],x<0∣1−x∣,x≥0f(x) = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} {[x]} & , & {x \lt 0} \\ {|1 - x|} & , & {x \ge 0} \\ \end{matrix} } \right.f(x)={[x]∣1−x∣​,,​x<0x≥0​ and g(x)={ex−x,x<0(x−1)2−1,x≥0g(x) = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} {{e^x} - x} & , & {x \lt 0} \\ {{{(x - 1)}^2} - 1} & , & {x \ge 0} \\ \end{matrix} } \right.g(x)={ex−x(x−1)2−1​,,​x<0x≥0​ where [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Then, the function fog is discontinuous at exactly :
  1. A
    one point
  2. B
    two points
  3. C
    three points
  4. D
    four points
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Given functions
f(x)={[x],x<0∣1−x∣,x≥0f(x)= \begin{cases} [x], & x<0 \\ |1-x|, & x\ge 0 \end{cases}f(x)={[x],∣1−x∣,​x<0x≥0​

and

g(x)={ex−x,x<0(x−1)2−1=x2−2x,x≥0g(x)= \begin{cases} e^x-x, & x<0 \\ (x-1)^2-1=x^2-2x, & x\ge 0 \end{cases}g(x)={ex−x,(x−1)2−1=x2−2x,​x<0x≥0​

We need the points where the composite function

(f∘g)(x)=f(g(x))(f\circ g)(x)=f(g(x))(f∘g)(x)=f(g(x))

is discontinuous.


  1. First identify where fff is discontinuous

(i) For input y<0y<0y<0

Then f(y)=[y]f(y)=[y]f(y)=[y] which is discontinuous at every integer y<0y<0y<0. So discontinuities from this branch occur at y=−1,−2,−3,…y=-1,-2,-3,\dotsy=−1,−2,−3,…

(ii) For input y≥0y\ge 0y≥0

Then f(y)=∣1−y∣f(y)=|1-y|f(y)=∣1−y∣ which is continuous for all y≥0y\ge 0y≥0.

(iii) Check the joining point y=0y=0y=0

At y=0y=0y=0, f(0)=∣1−0∣=1f(0)=|1-0|=1f(0)=∣1−0∣=1 while lim⁡y→0−f(y)=lim⁡y→0−[y]=−1\lim_{y\to 0^-}f(y)=\lim_{y\to 0^-}[y]=-1limy→0−​f(y)=limy→0−​[y]=−1 So fff is also discontinuous at y=0.y=0.y=0.

Hence, fff is discontinuous exactly at y=0,−1,−2,−3,…y=0,-1,-2,-3,\dotsy=0,−1,−2,−3,…


  1. Now find where g(x)g(x)g(x) takes these values

Since f∘gf\circ gf∘g can be discontinuous when g(x)g(x)g(x) hits a discontinuity value of fff, we solve g(x)∈{0,−1,−2,−3,… }.g(x)\in\{0,-1,-2,-3,\dots\}.g(x)∈{0,−1,−2,−3,…}.

But first note the range of ggg.

For x<0x<0x<0:

g(x)=ex−xg(x)=e^x-xg(x)=ex−x Now ex>0e^x>0ex>0 and −x>0-x>0−x>0, so g(x)=ex−x>0g(x)=e^x-x>0g(x)=ex−x>0 for all x<0x<0x<0. Thus this branch never gives 0,−1,−2,…0,-1,-2,\dots0,−1,−2,….

Also, for x<0x<0x<0, ggg is continuous.

For x≥0x\ge 0x≥0:

g(x)=x2−2x=(x−1)2−1g(x)=x^2-2x=(x-1)^2-1g(x)=x2−2x=(x−1)2−1 This has minimum value −1-1−1 at x=1x=1x=1. So for x≥0x\ge 0x≥0, g(x)≥−1.g(x)\ge -1.g(x)≥−1. Therefore g(x)g(x)g(x) can only possibly equal 000 or −1-1−1 among the discontinuity points of fff.

So we only solve:

(a) g(x)=0g(x)=0g(x)=0

For x<0x<0x<0: impossible since g(x)>0g(x)>0g(x)>0.

For x≥0x\ge 0x≥0: x2−2x=0x^2-2x=0x2−2x=0 x(x−2)=0x(x-2)=0x(x−2)=0 x=0,2.x=0,2.x=0,2.

(b) g(x)=−1g(x)=-1g(x)=−1

For x<0x<0x<0: impossible.

For x≥0x\ge 0x≥0: x2−2x=−1x^2-2x=-1x2−2x=−1 x2−2x+1=0x^2-2x+1=0x2−2x+1=0 (x−1)2=0(x-1)^2=0(x−1)2=0 x=1.x=1.x=1.

So candidates are x=0,1,2.x=0,1,2.x=0,1,2.


  1. Write f∘gf\circ gf∘g explicitly on intervals

We examine g(x)g(x)g(x) and then apply fff.

Case 1: x<0x<0x<0

Then g(x)=ex−x>0g(x)=e^x-x>0g(x)=ex−x>0. Hence f(g(x))=∣1−g(x)∣f(g(x))=|1-g(x)|f(g(x))=∣1−g(x)∣ which is continuous for x<0x<0x<0 because ggg is continuous and ∣1−t∣|1-t|∣1−t∣ is continuous for t>0t>0t>0. So no discontinuity for x<0x<0x<0.

Case 2: x≥0x\ge 0x≥0

Then g(x)=x2−2x=(x−1)2−1.g(x)=x^2-2x=(x-1)^2-1.g(x)=x2−2x=(x−1)2−1. Now split according to sign of g(x)g(x)g(x):

  • g(x)≥0g(x)\ge 0g(x)≥0 when x∈{0}∪[2,∞)x\in\{0\}\cup[2,\infty)x∈{0}∪[2,∞)
  • −1≤g(x)<0-1\le g(x)<0−1≤g(x)<0 when 0<x<20<x<20<x<2, except x=1x=1x=1 gives −1-1−1

If 0<x<20<x<20<x<2, then g(x)∈[−1,0)g(x)\in[-1,0)g(x)∈[−1,0). For values in [−1,0)[-1,0)[−1,0), we have [g(x)]=−1[g(x)]=-1[g(x)]=−1 except at g(x)=−1g(x)=-1g(x)=−1, where still [−1]=−1[-1]=-1[−1]=−1. Thus for all x∈(0,2]x\in(0,2]x∈(0,2] actually, whenever g(x)<0g(x)<0g(x)<0 or g(x)=−1g(x)=-1g(x)=−1, f(g(x))=[g(x)]=−1.f(g(x))=[g(x)]=-1.f(g(x))=[g(x)]=−1. In particular, on (0,2)(0,2)(0,2) it is constant −1-1−1, and at x=1x=1x=1 also −1-1−1.

If x=0x=0x=0 or x≥2x\ge 2x≥2, then g(x)≥0g(x)\ge 0g(x)≥0, so f(g(x))=∣1−g(x)∣,f(g(x))=|1-g(x)|,f(g(x))=∣1−g(x)∣, continuous on such regions.


  1. Check continuity at candidate points x=0,1,2x=0,1,2x=0,1,2

At x=1x=1x=1

Nearby for x∈(0,2)x\in(0,2)x∈(0,2), f(g(x))=−1.f(g(x))=-1.f(g(x))=−1. Also at x=1x=1x=1, since g(1)=−1g(1)=-1g(1)=−1, f(g(1))=f(−1)=[−1]=−1.f(g(1))=f(-1)=[-1]=-1.f(g(1))=f(−1)=[−1]=−1. So the function is continuous at x=1x=1x=1.

At x=0x=0x=0

  • For x→0−x\to 0^-x→0−: g(x)=ex−x→1g(x)=e^x-x\to 1g(x)=ex−x→1, so f(g(x))→∣1−1∣=0.f(g(x))\to |1-1|=0.f(g(x))→∣1−1∣=0.
  • For x→0+x\to 0^+x→0+: g(x)=x2−2x∈(−1,0)g(x)=x^2-2x\in(-1,0)g(x)=x2−2x∈(−1,0) for small x>0x>0x>0, hence f(g(x))=−1.f(g(x))=-1.f(g(x))=−1.
  • Value at x=0x=0x=0: g(0)=0g(0)=0g(0)=0, so f(g(0))=f(0)=1.f(g(0))=f(0)=1.f(g(0))=f(0)=1.

Left and right limits are different, so discontinuous at x=0x=0x=0.

At x=2x=2x=2

  • For x→2−x\to 2^-x→2−: g(x)→0−g(x)\to 0^-g(x)→0−, hence f(g(x))=[g(x)]=−1.f(g(x))=[g(x)]=-1.f(g(x))=[g(x)]=−1.
  • For x→2+x\to 2^+x→2+: g(x)→0+g(x)\to 0^+g(x)→0+, so f(g(x))=∣1−g(x)∣→1.f(g(x))=|1-g(x)|\to 1.f(g(x))=∣1−g(x)∣→1.
  • Value at x=2x=2x=2: g(2)=0g(2)=0g(2)=0, so f(g(2))=f(0)=1.f(g(2))=f(0)=1.f(g(2))=f(0)=1.

Left and right limits are different, so discontinuous at x=2x=2x=2.


  1. Conclusion

The composite function f∘gf\circ gf∘g is discontinuous exactly at x=0,  2.x=0,\;2.x=0,2. So it is discontinuous at exactly two points.

Therefore, the correct option is:

B: two points\boxed{\text{B: two points}}B: two points​


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: B

Our derived answer: B

They agree.

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