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3D Geometry question

2019 · 9 Jan · Shift 2 · Q27
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3D Geometry question

2019 · 9 Jan · Shift 2 · Q27

JEE MainMathematics3D GeometryMCQ+4 / −1
If the lines x = ay + b, z = cy + d and x = a'z + b', y = c'z + d' are perpendicular, then :
  1. A
    ab' + bc' + 1 = 0
  2. B
    cc' + a + a' = 0
  3. C
    bb' + cc' + 1 = 0
  4. D
    aa' + c + c' = 0
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Write each line in parametric/vector form

The first line is given by x=ay+b,z=cy+d.x=ay+b,\qquad z=cy+d.x=ay+b,z=cy+d. Let us take y=ty=ty=t as parameter. Then x=at+b,y=t,z=ct+d.x=at+b,\quad y=t,\quad z=ct+d.x=at+b,y=t,z=ct+d. So its direction ratios are d1⃗=(a,1,c).\vec{d_1}=(a,1,c).d1​​=(a,1,c).

The second line is given by x=a′z+b′,y=c′z+d′.x=a'z+b',\qquad y=c'z+d'.x=a′z+b′,y=c′z+d′. Let us take z=sz=sz=s as parameter. Then x=a′s+b′,y=c′s+d′,z=s.x=a's+b',\quad y=c's+d',\quad z=s.x=a′s+b′,y=c′s+d′,z=s. So its direction ratios are d2⃗=(a′,c′,1).\vec{d_2}=(a',c',1).d2​​=(a′,c′,1).


  1. Condition for perpendicular lines

Two lines are perpendicular if their direction vectors are perpendicular, i.e. their dot product is zero: d1⃗⋅d2⃗=0.\vec{d_1}\cdot\vec{d_2}=0.d1​​⋅d2​​=0.

So, (a,1,c)⋅(a′,c′,1)=0.(a,1,c)\cdot(a',c',1)=0.(a,1,c)⋅(a′,c′,1)=0.

Compute the dot product: aa′+1⋅c′+c⋅1=0.aa' + 1\cdot c' + c\cdot 1 = 0.aa′+1⋅c′+c⋅1=0. Hence, aa′+c′+c=0.aa' + c' + c = 0.aa′+c′+c=0.

That is, aa′+c+c′=0.aa' + c + c' = 0.aa′+c+c′=0.


  1. Match with the options

This corresponds exactly to:

D: aa′+c+c′=0aa' + c + c' = 0aa′+c+c′=0


  1. Check other options

The constants b,b′,d,d′b,b',d,d'b,b′,d,d′ only affect the position of the lines, not their directions. Therefore any condition for perpendicularity cannot involve bbb or b′b'b′. So options A and C are immediately invalid.

Also option B gives cc′+a+a′=0,cc' + a + a' = 0,cc′+a+a′=0, which does not come from the dot product of the direction vectors.

Therefore the correct option is D.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: D

My derived answer: D

They agree.

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