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3D Geometry question

2014 · Shift 0 · Q44
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3D Geometry question

2014 · Shift 0 · Q44

JEE MainMathematics3D GeometryMCQ+4 / −1
The angle between the lines whose direction cosines satisfy the equations l+m+n=0l+m+n=0l+m+n=0 and l2=m2+n2{l^2} = {m^2} + {n^2}l2=m2+n2 is :
  1. A
    π6{\pi \over 6}6π​
  2. B
    π2{\pi \over 2}2π​
  3. C
    π3{\pi \over 3}3π​
  4. D
    π4{\pi \over 4}4π​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Let the direction cosines of a line be (l,m,n)(l,m,n)(l,m,n).

    They satisfy: l+m+n=0  and  l2=m2+n2l+m+n=0 \,\,\text{and}\,\, l^2=m^2+n^2l+m+n=0andl2=m2+n2

  2. Since direction cosines also satisfy: l2+m2+n2=1l^2+m^2+n^2=1l2+m2+n2=1

  3. Use the relation l=−(m+n)l=-(m+n)l=−(m+n) from l+m+n=0l+m+n=0l+m+n=0

    Now substitute into l2=m2+n2l^2=m^2+n^2l2=m2+n2

    Then, (−(m+n))2=m2+n2(-(m+n))^2=m^2+n^2(−(m+n))2=m2+n2 m2+n2+2mn=m2+n2m^2+n^2+2mn=m^2+n^2m2+n2+2mn=m2+n2 2mn=02mn=02mn=0 mn=0mn=0mn=0

  4. So either m=0m=0m=0 or n=0n=0n=0.

    Case 1: m=0m=0m=0

    Then from l+m+n=0l+m+n=0l+m+n=0, l+n=0⇒l=−nl+n=0 \Rightarrow l=-nl+n=0⇒l=−n

    Also from l2=m2+n2l^2=m^2+n^2l2=m2+n2, l2=n2l^2=n^2l2=n2 which is consistent.

    So direction ratios are proportional to: (1,0,−1)(1,0,-1)(1,0,−1)

    Case 2: n=0n=0n=0

    Then from l+m+n=0l+m+n=0l+m+n=0, l+m=0⇒l=−ml+m=0 \Rightarrow l=-ml+m=0⇒l=−m

    So direction ratios are proportional to: (1,−1,0)(1,-1,0)(1,−1,0)

  5. Thus the two lines are along vectors: a⃗=(1,0,−1),b⃗=(1,−1,0)\vec{a}=(1,0,-1), \qquad \vec{b}=(1,-1,0)a=(1,0,−1),b=(1,−1,0)

  6. Angle θ\thetaθ between them is given by cos⁡θ=a⃗⋅b⃗∣a⃗∣ ∣b⃗∣\cos\theta=\frac{\vec{a}\cdot\vec{b}}{|\vec{a}|\,|\vec{b}|}cosθ=∣a∣∣b∣a⋅b​

    Compute dot product: a⃗⋅b⃗=1⋅1+0⋅(−1)+(−1)⋅0=1\vec{a}\cdot\vec{b}=1\cdot 1+0\cdot(-1)+(-1)\cdot 0=1a⋅b=1⋅1+0⋅(−1)+(−1)⋅0=1

    Magnitudes: ∣a⃗∣=12+02+(−1)2=2|\vec{a}|=\sqrt{1^2+0^2+(-1)^2}=\sqrt{2}∣a∣=12+02+(−1)2​=2​ ∣b⃗∣=12+(−1)2+02=2|\vec{b}|=\sqrt{1^2+(-1)^2+0^2}=\sqrt{2}∣b∣=12+(−1)2+02​=2​

    Hence, cos⁡θ=12⋅2=12\cos\theta=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{2}}=\frac{1}{2}cosθ=2​⋅2​1​=21​

    Therefore, θ=cos⁡−1(12)=π3\theta=\cos^{-1}\left(\frac12\right)=\frac{\pi}{3}θ=cos−1(21​)=3π​

  7. So the correct option is: π3\boxed{\frac{\pi}{3}}3π​​

  8. Comparison with stored correct answer:

    Stored correct answer = C = π3\frac{\pi}{3}3π​, which matches our result.

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