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Periodic Table and Periodicity question

2023 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q1
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Periodic Table and Periodicity question

2023 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q1

JEE MainChemistryPeriodic Table and PeriodicityMCQ+4 / −1
Given below are two statements : Statement I : The decrease in first ionization enthalpy from B to Al is much larger than that from Al to Ga. Statement II : The d orbitals in Ga are completely filled. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
  1. A
    Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect
  2. B
    Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct
  3. C
    Both the statements I and II are correct
  4. D
    Both the statements I and II are incorrect
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Write the relevant electronic configurations

    • B\mathrm{B}B : 1s22s22p11s^2 2s^2 2p^11s22s22p1
    • Al\mathrm{Al}Al : [Ne]3s23p1[Ne]3s^2 3p^1[Ne]3s23p1
    • Ga\mathrm{Ga}Ga : [Ar]3d104s24p1[Ar]3d^{10}4s^2 4p^1[Ar]3d104s24p1
  2. Check Statement I

    Statement I says: The decrease in first ionization enthalpy from B to Al is much larger than that from Al to Ga.

    Across group 13, first ionization enthalpy generally decreases down the group because atomic size increases.

    So from B\mathrm{B}B to Al\mathrm{Al}Al, ionization enthalpy decreases significantly.

    But from Al\mathrm{Al}Al to Ga\mathrm{Ga}Ga, the decrease is very small, and in fact the values are nearly the same due to poor shielding by the filled 3d3d3d electrons in Ga. This causes greater effective nuclear charge in Ga than expected.

    Hence, the drop from B\mathrm{B}B to Al\mathrm{Al}Al is indeed much larger than that from Al\mathrm{Al}Al to Ga\mathrm{Ga}Ga.

    Therefore, Statement I is correct.

  3. Check Statement II

    Statement II says: The d orbitals in Ga are completely filled.

    Gallium has configuration: [Ar]3d104s24p1[Ar]3d^{10}4s^2 4p^1[Ar]3d104s24p1

    Thus its 3d3d3d subshell is completely filled.

    Therefore, Statement II is correct.

  4. Relation between the two statements

    The filled 3d103d^{10}3d10 electrons in Ga shield poorly, so Ga experiences higher effective nuclear charge than expected. Because of this, its first ionization enthalpy does not decrease much relative to Al.

    So Statement II supports the trend described in Statement I.

  5. Correct option

    Both statements are correct.

    Option C\boxed{\text{Option C}}Option C​

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