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Hydrocarbons question

2004 · Shift 0 · Q8
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Hydrocarbons question

2004 · Shift 0 · Q8

JEE MainChemistryHydrocarbonsMCQ+4 / −1
Which one of the following has the minimum boiling point?
  1. A
    n-butane
  2. B
    isobutane
  3. C
    1- butene
  4. D
    1- butyne
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Principle involved: boiling point and molecular structure

    For hydrocarbons, boiling point mainly depends on:

    • molecular mass: higher mass generally increases boiling point,
    • shape / branching: more branching decreases surface area, so intermolecular van der Waals forces become weaker, hence boiling point decreases.
  2. Compare the given compounds

    • A: nnn-butane = straight-chain alkane, C4H10\mathrm{C_4H_{10}}C4​H10​
    • B: isobutane = branched alkane, C4H10\mathrm{C_4H_{10}}C4​H10​
    • C: 1-butene = alkene, C4H8\mathrm{C_4H_8}C4​H8​
    • D: 1-butyne = alkyne, C4H6\mathrm{C_4H_6}C4​H6​
  3. Key comparison between nnn-butane and isobutane

    Both have the same molecular formula C4H10\mathrm{C_4H_{10}}C4​H10​, but:

    • nnn-butane is straight chain
    • isobutane is branched

    Since branching reduces surface contact, isobutane has weaker intermolecular attraction and therefore a lower boiling point than nnn-butane.

  4. Compare unsaturated compounds

    Although 1-butene and 1-butyne have fewer hydrogens, their boiling points are not lower than that of isobutane. Typical boiling points are approximately:

    • nnn-butane: about −0.5∘C-0.5^\circ \mathrm{C}−0.5∘C
    • isobutane: about −11.7∘C-11.7^\circ \mathrm{C}−11.7∘C
    • 1-butene: about −6.3∘C-6.3^\circ \mathrm{C}−6.3∘C
    • 1-butyne: about 8∘C8^\circ \mathrm{C}8∘C

    Hence the minimum boiling point is for isobutane.

  5. Option-wise conclusion

    • A: nnn-butane — not minimum
    • B: isobutane — minimum boiling point
    • C: 1-butene — higher than isobutane
    • D: 1-butyne — highest among these

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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