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D and F Block Elements question

2024 · 9 Apr · Shift 2 · Q25
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D and F Block Elements question

2024 · 9 Apr · Shift 2 · Q25

JEE MainChemistryD and F Block ElementsNumerical+4 / −1
A transition metal 'M\mathrm{M}M' among Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn\mathrm{Sc}, \mathrm{Ti}, \mathrm{V}, \mathrm{Cr}, \mathrm{Mn}Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn and Fe\mathrm{Fe}Fe has the highest second ionisation enthalpy. The spin-only magnetic moment value of M+\mathrm{M}^{+}M+ ion is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​ BM (Near integer) (Given atomic number Sc:21,Ti:22, V:23,Cr:24,Mn:25,Fe:26\mathrm{Sc}: 21, \mathrm{Ti}: 22, \mathrm{~V}: 23, \mathrm{Cr}: 24, \mathrm{Mn}: 25, \mathrm{Fe}: 26Sc:21,Ti:22, V:23,Cr:24,Mn:25,Fe:26)
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 6

  1. Find which metal has the highest second ionisation enthalpy

Second ionisation enthalpy means removal of an electron from M+M^+M+: M+→M2++e−M^+ \rightarrow M^{2+} + e^-M+→M2++e−

This will be maximum when M+M^+M+ has an especially stable electronic configuration.

Let us write the ground-state configurations:

  • Sc:[Ar] 3d14s2\mathrm{Sc}: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^1 4s^2Sc:[Ar]3d14s2
  • Ti:[Ar] 3d24s2\mathrm{Ti}: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^2 4s^2Ti:[Ar]3d24s2
  • V:[Ar] 3d34s2\mathrm{V}: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^3 4s^2V:[Ar]3d34s2
  • Cr:[Ar] 3d54s1\mathrm{Cr}: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^5 4s^1Cr:[Ar]3d54s1
  • Mn:[Ar] 3d54s2\mathrm{Mn}: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^5 4s^2Mn:[Ar]3d54s2
  • Fe:[Ar] 3d64s2\mathrm{Fe}: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^6 4s^2Fe:[Ar]3d64s2

After first ionisation, the 4s4s4s electron is removed first:

  • Sc+:[Ar] 3d14s1\mathrm{Sc}^+: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^1 4s^1Sc+:[Ar]3d14s1
  • Ti+:[Ar] 3d24s1\mathrm{Ti}^+: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^2 4s^1Ti+:[Ar]3d24s1
  • V+:[Ar] 3d34s1\mathrm{V}^+: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^3 4s^1V+:[Ar]3d34s1
  • Cr+:[Ar] 3d5\mathrm{Cr}^+: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^5Cr+:[Ar]3d5
  • Mn+:[Ar] 3d54s1\mathrm{Mn}^+: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^5 4s^1Mn+:[Ar]3d54s1
  • Fe+:[Ar] 3d64s1\mathrm{Fe}^+: [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^6 4s^1Fe+:[Ar]3d64s1

Among these, Cr+\mathrm{Cr}^+Cr+ has the especially stable half-filled configuration: [Ar] 3d5[\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^5[Ar]3d5 Therefore, removing one more electron from Cr+\mathrm{Cr}^+Cr+ requires the maximum energy.

So, M=CrM = \mathrm{Cr}M=Cr


  1. Find the magnetic moment of M+M^+M+

Since M=CrM = \mathrm{Cr}M=Cr, M+=Cr+=[Ar] 3d5M^+ = \mathrm{Cr}^+ = [\mathrm{Ar}]\,3d^5M+=Cr+=[Ar]3d5

For 3d53d^53d5, the number of unpaired electrons is n=5n = 5n=5

Spin-only magnetic moment is: μ=n(n+2) BM\mu = \sqrt{n(n+2)}\ \text{BM}μ=n(n+2)​ BM

Substitute n=5n=5n=5: μ=5(5+2)=35≈5.92 BM\mu = \sqrt{5(5+2)} = \sqrt{35} \approx 5.92\ \text{BM}μ=5(5+2)​=35​≈5.92 BM

Near integer, μ≈6 BM\mu \approx 6\ \text{BM}μ≈6 BM


  1. Final Answer

The required spin-only magnetic moment is 6 BM\boxed{6\ \text{BM}}6 BM​

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