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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q4
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q4

JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMCQ+4 / −1
Which among the following species has unequal bond lengths?
  1. A
    XeF4XeF_4XeF4​
  2. B
    BF 4−_4^ -4−​
  3. C
    SiF4SiF_4SiF4​
  4. D
    SF4SF_4SF4​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. We need to identify the species in which all bonds are not equivalent, i.e. the bond lengths are unequal.

  2. Let us examine each option using shape and symmetry.


Option A: XeF4XeF_4XeF4​

  • Central atom: Xe
  • Total electron pairs around Xe = 6
  • Geometry of electron pairs: octahedral
  • Lone pairs: 2
  • Molecular shape: square planar

In XeF4XeF_4XeF4​, the four Xe−FXe-FXe−F bonds lie in the same square plane and are symmetry-equivalent. So, all bond lengths are equal.


Option B: BF4−BF_4^-BF4−​

  • Central atom: B
  • Hybridisation: sp3sp^3sp3
  • Molecular shape: tetrahedral

All four B−FB-FB−F bonds in a tetrahedral ion are equivalent by symmetry. So, all bond lengths are equal.


Option C: SiF4SiF_4SiF4​

  • Central atom: Si
  • Hybridisation: sp3sp^3sp3
  • Molecular shape: tetrahedral

All four Si−FSi-FSi−F bonds are equivalent in a tetrahedral molecule. So, all bond lengths are equal.


Option D: SF4SF_4SF4​

  • Central atom: S
  • Total electron pairs around S = 5
  • Electron pair geometry: trigonal bipyramidal
  • Lone pairs: 1
  • Molecular shape: see-saw

In a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement, the lone pair occupies an equatorial position to minimize repulsion. Thus in SF4SF_4SF4​:

  • There are 2 axial S−FS-FS−F bonds
  • There are 2 equatorial S−FS-FS−F bonds

Axial and equatorial bonds are not equivalent. Due to greater repulsion on axial bonds, their bond lengths differ from equatorial bond lengths. Hence, SF4SF_4SF4​ has unequal bond lengths.


  1. Conclusion

The species with unequal bond lengths is: SF4\boxed{SF_4}SF4​​

So, the correct option is D.

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