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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2021 · 17 Mar · Shift 1 · Q11
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2021 · 17 Mar · Shift 1 · Q11

JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMCQ+4 / −1
A central atom in a molecule has two lone pairs of electrons and forms three single bonds. The shape of this molecule is :
  1. A
    trigonal pyramidal
  2. B
    T-shaped
  3. C
    see-saw
  4. D
    planar triangular
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Count the electron pairs around the central atom

    The central atom has:

    • 3 single bonds ⇒3\Rightarrow 3⇒3 bond pairs
    • 2 lone pairs ⇒2\Rightarrow 2⇒2 lone pairs

    So, total electron pairs around the central atom: 3+2=53 + 2 = 53+2=5

  2. Determine the electron-pair geometry

    For 5 electron pairs, according to VSEPR theory, the electron-pair geometry is: Trigonal bipyramidal\text{Trigonal bipyramidal}Trigonal bipyramidal

  3. Place the lone pairs in the most stable positions

    In a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement, lone pairs prefer equatorial positions because these positions have fewer 90∘90^\circ90∘ interactions.

    Since there are 2 lone pairs, both occupy equatorial positions.

  4. Find the molecular shape

    After placing 2 lone pairs equatorially, the 3 bonded atoms occupy:

    • 2 axial positions
    • 1 equatorial position

    This gives the molecular shape: T-shaped\text{T-shaped}T-shaped

  5. Check the options

    • A: trigonal pyramidal →\rightarrow→ corresponds to AX3EAX_3EAX3​E, not correct
    • B: T-shaped →\rightarrow→ corresponds to AX3E2AX_3E_2AX3​E2​, correct
    • C: see-saw →\rightarrow→ corresponds to AX4EAX_4EAX4​E, not correct
    • D: planar triangular →\rightarrow→ corresponds to AX3AX_3AX3​, not correct
  6. Final answer

    The molecule has the type: AX3E2AX_3E_2AX3​E2​ Hence its shape is: T-shaped\boxed{\text{T-shaped}}T-shaped​

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