JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMCQ+4 / −1
Which of the following best describes the diagram below of a molecular orbital ? 

- AA non-bonding orbital
- BAn antibonding orbital
- CA bonding orbital
- DAn antibonding orbital
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Correct answer: D
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Identify the key features of the molecular orbital diagram
To classify a molecular orbital, we look for:
- whether the overlap is head-on or sidewise
- whether there is electron density between the nuclei
- whether there is a node between the nuclei
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Distinguish between and orbitals
- A orbital is formed by head-on overlap along the internuclear axis.
- A orbital is formed by sidewise overlap of orbitals, with electron density above and below the internuclear axis.
Since the diagram is of a molecular orbital with sidewise character, it must be a -type orbital, not a orbital.
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Distinguish between bonding and antibonding
- In a bonding orbital, electron density is concentrated between the two nuclei.
- In an antibonding orbital, there is a node between the nuclei, so electron density is absent from the internuclear region.
The diagram indicates destructive overlap with a node between the nuclei, so it is antibonding.
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Combine both observations
- Type of overlap:
- Nature: antibonding
Therefore, the orbital is an antibonding orbital, written as .
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Check options
- A: A non-bonding orbital Incorrect
- B: An antibonding orbital Incorrect
- C: A bonding orbital Incorrect
- D: An antibonding orbital Correct
Hence, the correct answer is D.
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