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Probability question

2014 · Shift 2 · Q25
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  5. /2014 · Shift 2 · Q25

Probability question

2014 · Shift 2 · Q25

JEE AdvancedMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+3 / −1
Box 111 contains three cards bearing numbers 1,2,3;1,2,3;1,2,3; box 222 contains five cards bearing numbers 1,2,3,4,5;1,2,3,4,5;1,2,3,4,5; and box 333 contains seven cards bearing numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7.1,2,3,4,5,6,7.1,2,3,4,5,6,7. A card is drawn from each of the boxes. Let xi{x_i}xi​ be number on the card drawn from the ith{i^{th}}ith box, i=1,2,3.i=1,2,3.i=1,2,3. The probability that x1+x2+x3{x_1} + {x_2} + {x_3}x1​+x2​+x3​ is odd, is
  1. A
    29105{{29} \over {105}}10529​
  2. B
    53105{{53} \over {105}}10553​
  3. C
    57105{{57} \over {105}}10557​
  4. D
    12{{1} \over {2}}21​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Let us find the probability of drawing an odd or even number from each box.
  • Box 1 has cards {1,2,3}\{1,2,3\}{1,2,3}

    • Odd numbers: 1,31,31,3 ⇒2\Rightarrow 2⇒2 cards
    • Even numbers: 222 ⇒1\Rightarrow 1⇒1 card

    Hence, P(O1)=23,P(E1)=13P(O_1)=\frac{2}{3}, \qquad P(E_1)=\frac{1}{3}P(O1​)=32​,P(E1​)=31​

  • Box 2 has cards {1,2,3,4,5}\{1,2,3,4,5\}{1,2,3,4,5}

    • Odd numbers: 1,3,51,3,51,3,5 ⇒3\Rightarrow 3⇒3 cards
    • Even numbers: 2,42,42,4 ⇒2\Rightarrow 2⇒2 cards

    Hence, P(O2)=35,P(E2)=25P(O_2)=\frac{3}{5}, \qquad P(E_2)=\frac{2}{5}P(O2​)=53​,P(E2​)=52​

  • Box 3 has cards {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7\}{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

    • Odd numbers: 1,3,5,71,3,5,71,3,5,7 ⇒4\Rightarrow 4⇒4 cards
    • Even numbers: 2,62,62,6? Actually even numbers are 2,4,62,4,62,4,6 ⇒3\Rightarrow 3⇒3 cards

    Hence, P(O3)=47,P(E3)=37P(O_3)=\frac{4}{7}, \qquad P(E_3)=\frac{3}{7}P(O3​)=74​,P(E3​)=73​

  1. The sum x1+x2+x3x_1+x_2+x_3x1​+x2​+x3​ is odd when the number of odd terms is odd.

For three numbers, this happens in two cases:

  • exactly one odd and two even,
  • all three odd.

So, P(odd sum)=P(OEE)+P(EOE)+P(EEO)+P(OOO)P(\text{odd sum}) = P(OEE)+P(EOE)+P(EEO)+P(OOO)P(odd sum)=P(OEE)+P(EOE)+P(EEO)+P(OOO)

  1. Compute each term:
  • P(OEE)=P(O1)P(E2)P(E3)=23⋅25⋅37=435P(OEE)=P(O_1)P(E_2)P(E_3)=\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{2}{5}\cdot\frac{3}{7}=\frac{4}{35}P(OEE)=P(O1​)P(E2​)P(E3​)=32​⋅52​⋅73​=354​

  • P(EOE)=P(E1)P(O2)P(E3)=13⋅35⋅37=335P(EOE)=P(E_1)P(O_2)P(E_3)=\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{3}{5}\cdot\frac{3}{7}=\frac{3}{35}P(EOE)=P(E1​)P(O2​)P(E3​)=31​⋅53​⋅73​=353​

  • P(EEO)=P(E1)P(E2)P(O3)=13⋅25⋅47=8105P(EEO)=P(E_1)P(E_2)P(O_3)=\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{2}{5}\cdot\frac{4}{7}=\frac{8}{105}P(EEO)=P(E1​)P(E2​)P(O3​)=31​⋅52​⋅74​=1058​

  • P(OOO)=P(O1)P(O2)P(O3)=23⋅35⋅47=835P(OOO)=P(O_1)P(O_2)P(O_3)=\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{3}{5}\cdot\frac{4}{7}=\frac{8}{35}P(OOO)=P(O1​)P(O2​)P(O3​)=32​⋅53​⋅74​=358​

  1. Add them:

P(odd sum)=435+335+8105+835P(\text{odd sum})=\frac{4}{35}+\frac{3}{35}+\frac{8}{105}+\frac{8}{35}P(odd sum)=354​+353​+1058​+358​

Convert to denominator 105105105:

435=12105,335=9105,835=24105\frac{4}{35}=\frac{12}{105}, \quad \frac{3}{35}=\frac{9}{105}, \quad \frac{8}{35}=\frac{24}{105}354​=10512​,353​=1059​,358​=10524​

Thus, P(odd sum)=12105+9105+8105+24105=53105P(\text{odd sum})=\frac{12}{105}+\frac{9}{105}+\frac{8}{105}+\frac{24}{105}=\frac{53}{105}P(odd sum)=10512​+1059​+1058​+10524​=10553​

  1. Therefore, the correct option is 53105\boxed{\frac{53}{105}}10553​​ which is Option B.
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