
- AX = , Y = /Ni/heat
- BX = , Y = /Ni/heat
- CX = , Y = /
- DX = , Y = /Ni/heat
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Correct answer: B, C, D
Step-by-step Derivations
The problem asks to identify the correct functional group X and reagent/reaction condition Y to convert Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid) into a monomer P, which can then be used to synthesize Nylon.
1. Understanding the Target Product
Nylon is a generic name for a family of synthetic polymers known as polyamides. Polyamides are characterized by repeating amide linkages (-CO-NH-). They are typically formed by the polycondensation of:
- A diamine and a dicarboxylic acid.
- An amino acid that self-condenses.
- A lactam via ring-opening polymerization.
In this problem, the starting material is a derivative of terephthalic acid. The resulting monomer 'P' must be suitable for forming a polyamide. This means P is likely a diamine (to react with a dicarboxylic acid) or an amino acid (to self-polymerize). The structure of P will be based on the benzene-1,4-diyl skeleton.
The overall scheme is:
→ → P → Nylon
We will evaluate each option to see if it produces a valid monomer P for Nylon synthesis.
2. Evaluation of Option A: X = , Y = /Ni/heat
- Step 1: Formation of the intermediate. Terephthalic acid is converted to its dimethyl ester. The functional group X is . The intermediate is dimethyl terephthalate.
- Step 2: Reaction with Y. The intermediate is treated with Y = /Ni/heat. This is a catalytic hydrogenation reaction, which reduces esters to alcohols. The product P is 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)benzene.
- Step 3: Polymerization. P is a diol. Diols react with dicarboxylic acids to form polyesters, not polyamides (Nylon). For example, 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)benzene can react with terephthalic acid to form a polyester. Therefore, this route does not produce a monomer for Nylon.
- Conclusion: Option A is incorrect.
3. Evaluation of Option B: X = , Y = /Ni/heat
- Step 1: Formation of the intermediate. Terephthalic acid is converted to its diamide. The functional group X is . The intermediate is terephthalamide.
- Step 2: Reaction with Y. The intermediate is treated with Y = /Ni/heat. This reaction reduces amides to amines. The product P is 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)benzene (or p-xylylenediamine).
- Step 3: Polymerization. P is a diamine. Diamines are key monomers for synthesizing polyamides. For example, it can be reacted with adipic acid to form the polyamide Nylon MXD6.
- Conclusion: Option B is correct.
4. Evaluation of Option C: X = , Y = /
- Step 1: Formation of the intermediate. The intermediate is the same as in option B: terephthalamide, .
- Step 2: Reaction with Y. The intermediate is treated with Y = /. This is the Hofmann bromamide degradation reaction, which converts a primary amide to a primary amine with one less carbon atom. The product P is p-phenylenediamine (or benzene-1,4-diamine).
- Step 3: Polymerization. P is an aromatic diamine. It can be reacted with a dicarboxylic acid (or diacyl chloride) to form an aromatic polyamide (aramid), which is a type of high-performance Nylon. For instance, its reaction with terephthaloyl chloride yields Kevlar.
- Conclusion: Option C is correct.
5. Evaluation of Option D: X = , Y = /Ni/heat
- Step 1: Formation of the intermediate. Terephthalic acid is converted to its dinitrile. The functional group X is
-CN. This can be done by converting the acid to the amide, followed by dehydration. The intermediate is terephthalonitrile. - Step 2: Reaction with Y. The intermediate is treated with Y = /Ni/heat. This catalytic hydrogenation reduces nitriles to primary amines. The product P is 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)benzene, which is the same monomer obtained in option B.
- Step 3: Polymerization. As established for option B, this diamine is a valid monomer for Nylon synthesis.
- Conclusion: Option D is correct.
Final Summary
Options B, C, and D all describe valid chemical pathways to synthesize diamine monomers from terephthalic acid. These diamines can then be used to produce polyamides (Nylons). Option A produces a diol, which is a monomer for polyesters, not polyamides.
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