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Simple Harmonic Motion question

2023 · 12 Apr · Shift 1 · Q44
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  5. /2023 · 12 Apr · Shift 1 · Q44

Simple Harmonic Motion question

2023 · 12 Apr · Shift 1 · Q44

JEE MainPhysicsSimple Harmonic MotionMCQ+4 / −1
A particle is executing simple harmonic motion (SHM). The ratio of potential energy and kinetic energy of the particle when its displacement is half of its amplitude will be
  1. A
    1 : 1
  2. B
    1 : 4
  3. C
    2 : 1
  4. D
    1 : 3
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. For a particle in SHM with amplitude AAA, the total energy is E=12kA2E = \frac{1}{2}kA^2E=21​kA2 where kkk is the force constant.

  2. At displacement xxx, the potential energy is U=12kx2U = \frac{1}{2}kx^2U=21​kx2

  3. The kinetic energy at displacement xxx is K=E−U=12kA2−12kx2=12k(A2−x2)K = E - U = \frac{1}{2}kA^2 - \frac{1}{2}kx^2 = \frac{1}{2}k(A^2 - x^2)K=E−U=21​kA2−21​kx2=21​k(A2−x2)

  4. Given that the displacement is half of amplitude: x=A2x = \frac{A}{2}x=2A​

  5. Substitute into potential energy: U=12k(A2)2=12k⋅A24=18kA2U = \frac{1}{2}k\left(\frac{A}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{2}k\cdot \frac{A^2}{4} = \frac{1}{8}kA^2U=21​k(2A​)2=21​k⋅4A2​=81​kA2

  6. Substitute into kinetic energy: K=12k(A2−A24)=12k⋅3A24=38kA2K = \frac{1}{2}k\left(A^2 - \frac{A^2}{4}\right) = \frac{1}{2}k\cdot \frac{3A^2}{4} = \frac{3}{8}kA^2K=21​k(A2−4A2​)=21​k⋅43A2​=83​kA2

  7. Therefore, the ratio of potential energy to kinetic energy is U:K=18kA2:38kA2=1:3U:K = \frac{1}{8}kA^2 : \frac{3}{8}kA^2 = 1:3U:K=81​kA2:83​kA2=1:3

  8. So the correct option is D.

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