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Heat and Thermodynamics question

2021 · 27 Jul · Shift 1 · Q57
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Heat and Thermodynamics question

2021 · 27 Jul · Shift 1 · Q57

JEE MainPhysicsHeat and ThermodynamicsMCQ+4 / −1
In the reported figure, there is a cyclic process ABCDA on a sample of 1 mol of a diatomic gas. The temperature of the gas during the process A →\to→ B and C →\to→ D are T1 and T2 (T1 > T2) respectively. JEE Main 2021 (Online) 27th July Morning Shift Physics - Heat and Thermodynamics Question 229 English Choose the correct option out of the following for work done if processes BC and DA are adiabatic.
  1. A
    WAB = WDC
  2. B
    WAD = WBC
  3. C
    WBC + WDA > 0
  4. D
    WAB < WCD
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Identify the nature of each process

    From the statement:

    • Along A→BA \to BA→B, temperature is constant at T1T_1T1​.
    • Along C→DC \to DC→D, temperature is constant at T2T_2T2​, with T1>T2T_1 > T_2T1​>T2​.
    • Processes B→CB \to CB→C and D→AD \to AD→A are adiabatic.

    So the cycle is made of:

    • two isothermal processes: ABABAB at T1T_1T1​, CDCDCD at T2T_2T2​
    • two adiabatic processes: BCBCBC and DADADA

    This is essentially a Carnot-type cycle.

  2. Work done in the adiabatic processes

    For an adiabatic process, since Q=0Q=0Q=0, from the first law: ΔU=−W\Delta U = -WΔU=−W where WWW is work done by the gas.

    For an ideal gas, ΔU=nCV(Tf−Ti)\Delta U = nC_V (T_f - T_i)ΔU=nCV​(Tf​−Ti​) Hence, W=−ΔU=nCV(Ti−Tf)W = -\Delta U = nC_V (T_i - T_f)W=−ΔU=nCV​(Ti​−Tf​)

  3. Calculate work in B→CB \to CB→C

    In B→CB \to CB→C, temperature falls from T1T_1T1​ to T2T_2T2​. Therefore, WBC=nCV(T1−T2)W_{BC} = nC_V (T_1 - T_2)WBC​=nCV​(T1​−T2​)

    Since T1>T2T_1 > T_2T1​>T2​, this is positive.

  4. Calculate work in D→AD \to AD→A

    In D→AD \to AD→A, temperature rises from T2T_2T2​ to T1T_1T1​. Therefore, WDA=nCV(T2−T1)=−nCV(T1−T2)W_{DA} = nC_V (T_2 - T_1) = -nC_V (T_1 - T_2)WDA​=nCV​(T2​−T1​)=−nCV​(T1​−T2​)

  5. Compare WBCW_{BC}WBC​ and WDAW_{DA}WDA​

    From above, WDA=−WBCW_{DA} = -W_{BC}WDA​=−WBC​

    So if the option uses WADW_{AD}WAD​ instead of WDAW_{DA}WDA​, then reversing the direction changes the sign: WAD=−WDA=WBCW_{AD} = -W_{DA} = W_{BC}WAD​=−WDA​=WBC​

    Therefore, WAD=WBCW_{AD} = W_{BC}WAD​=WBC​

    So Option B is correct.

  6. Check the other options

    Option A: WAB=WDCW_{AB} = W_{DC}WAB​=WDC​

    Along isothermal process for ideal gas, W=nRTln⁡(VfVi)W = nRT \ln\left(\frac{V_f}{V_i}\right)W=nRTln(Vi​Vf​​)

    For the Carnot cycle, WAB=nRT1ln⁡(VBVA)W_{AB} = nRT_1 \ln\left(\frac{V_B}{V_A}\right)WAB​=nRT1​ln(VA​VB​​) and WDC=nRT2ln⁡(VCVD)W_{DC} = nRT_2 \ln\left(\frac{V_C}{V_D}\right)WDC​=nRT2​ln(VD​VC​​)

    Using adiabatic connections, one gets VBVA=VCVD\frac{V_B}{V_A} = \frac{V_C}{V_D}VA​VB​​=VD​VC​​ hence the logarithmic factors are equal, but since T1>T2T_1 > T_2T1​>T2​, WAB>WDCW_{AB} > W_{DC}WAB​>WDC​ So A is false.

    Option C: WBC+WDA>0W_{BC} + W_{DA} > 0WBC​+WDA​>0

    But we found WDA=−WBCW_{DA} = -W_{BC}WDA​=−WBC​ Hence, WBC+WDA=0W_{BC} + W_{DA} = 0WBC​+WDA​=0 So C is false.

    Option D: WAB<WCDW_{AB} < W_{CD}WAB​<WCD​

    In the actual direction C→DC \to DC→D, this isothermal process is compression, so work done by gas is negative: WCD<0W_{CD} < 0WCD​<0 while WAB>0W_{AB} > 0WAB​>0. Therefore, WAB<WCDW_{AB} < W_{CD}WAB​<WCD​ is impossible. So D is false.

  7. Final conclusion

    The correct option is: B\boxed{B}B​ i.e. WAD=WBC\boxed{W_{AD} = W_{BC}}WAD​=WBC​​

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