Identify properties of an n-type semiconductor

In an n-type semiconductor, the semiconductor is doped with a pentavalent impurity (donor impurity), such as P, As, or Sb.

• These donor atoms contribute extra electrons.
• Hence, electrons are majority carriers.
• Holes are minority carriers.

Therefore:

• (A) Holes are minority carriers $\,\Rightarrow$ True
• (B) The dopant is a pentavalent atom $\,\Rightarrow$ True

Check statement (C):

For a semiconductor in thermal equilibrium, the mass action law is $n_e n_h = n_i^2$ where $n_i$ is the intrinsic carrier concentration.

So statement (C) is True.

Check statement (D):

Statement (D) says $n_e n_h \geq n_i^2$

But from the mass action law, $n_e n_h = n_i^2$ exactly, not just greater than or equal to.

Hence (D) is not taken as correct in this context.

Check statement (E):

In an n-type semiconductor, donor atoms donate electrons, not holes. The holes present are due to thermal generation, not due to donors.

Therefore:

• (E) The holes are not generated due to the donors $\,\Rightarrow$ True

Collect correct statements

The true statements are: $(A), (B), (C), (E)$

Compare with given options

Options are:

• A: $(A), (B), (E)$ only
• B: $(A), (C), (E)$ only
• C: $(A), (B), (C)$ only
• D: $(A), (C), (D)$ only

The exact correct combination $(A), (B), (C), (E)$ is not present in the options.

Among the listed options, option A omits (C), option B omits (B), option C omits (E), and option D includes incorrect (D).

Since (C) is a standard and correct relation for semiconductors in equilibrium, the stored answer A appears incomplete/incorrect.