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Atoms and Nuclei question

2025 · 23 Jan · Shift 1 · Q59
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Atoms and Nuclei question

2025 · 23 Jan · Shift 1 · Q59

JEE MainPhysicsAtoms and NucleiMCQ+4 / −1
A radioactive nucleus n2\mathrm{n}_2n2​ has 3 times the decay constant as compared to the decay constant of another radioactive nucleus n1n_1n1​. If initial number of both nuclei are the same, what is the ratio of number of nuclei of n2n_2n2​ to the number of nuclei of n1n_1n1​, after one half-life of n1n_1n1​ ?
  1. A
    1/4
  2. B
    1/8
  3. C
    4
  4. D
    8
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Let the decay constant of nucleus n1n_1n1​ be λ\lambdaλ.

    Then, for nucleus n2n_2n2​: λ2=3λ1=3λ\lambda_2 = 3\lambda_1 = 3\lambdaλ2​=3λ1​=3λ

  2. Initially, the number of nuclei are same: N10=N20=N0N_{10} = N_{20} = N_0N10​=N20​=N0​

  3. We need the ratio after one half-life of n1n_1n1​.

    The half-life of n1n_1n1​ is: T1/2,1=ln⁡2λT_{1/2,1} = \frac{\ln 2}{\lambda}T1/2,1​=λln2​

  4. Number of undecayed nuclei after time ttt is: N=N0e−λtN = N_0 e^{-\lambda t}N=N0​e−λt

  5. For nucleus n1n_1n1​, at time t=T1/2,1t = T_{1/2,1}t=T1/2,1​: N1=N0e−λ⋅ln⁡2λ=N0e−ln⁡2=N02N_1 = N_0 e^{-\lambda \cdot \frac{\ln 2}{\lambda}} = N_0 e^{-\ln 2} = \frac{N_0}{2}N1​=N0​e−λ⋅λln2​=N0​e−ln2=2N0​​

  6. For nucleus n2n_2n2​, at the same time t=ln⁡2λt = \frac{\ln 2}{\lambda}t=λln2​: N2=N0e−3λ⋅ln⁡2λ=N0e−3ln⁡2=N0⋅123=N08N_2 = N_0 e^{-3\lambda \cdot \frac{\ln 2}{\lambda}} = N_0 e^{-3\ln 2} = N_0 \cdot \frac{1}{2^3} = \frac{N_0}{8}N2​=N0​e−3λ⋅λln2​=N0​e−3ln2=N0​⋅231​=8N0​​

  7. Required ratio: N2N1=N0/8N0/2=14\frac{N_2}{N_1} = \frac{N_0/8}{N_0/2} = \frac{1}{4}N1​N2​​=N0​/2N0​/8​=41​

  8. Checking options:

    • A: 14\frac{1}{4}41​ ✅
    • B: 18\frac{1}{8}81​
    • C: 444
    • D: 888

Therefore, the correct answer is: 14\boxed{\frac{1}{4}}41​​

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