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Alternating Current question

2022 · 29 Jul · Shift 2 · Q51
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  5. /2022 · 29 Jul · Shift 2 · Q51

Alternating Current question

2022 · 29 Jul · Shift 2 · Q51

JEE MainPhysicsAlternating CurrentMCQ+4 / −1
A circuit element X\mathrm{X}X when connected to an a.c. supply of peak voltage 100 V100 \mathrm{~V}100 V gives a peak current of 5 A5 \mathrm{~A}5 A which is in phase with the voltage. A second element Y\mathrm{Y}Y when connected to the same a.c. supply also gives the same value of peak current which lags behind the voltage by π2\frac{\pi}{2}2π​. If X\mathrm{X}X and Y\mathrm{Y}Y are connected in series to the same supply, what will be the rms value of the current in ampere?
  1. A
    102\frac{10}{\sqrt{2}}2​10​
  2. B
    52\frac{5}{\sqrt{2}}2​5​
  3. C
    525 \sqrt{2}52​
  4. D
    52\frac{5}{2}25​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Identify element XXX

Since the current is in phase with voltage, element XXX is a pure resistor.

Given peak voltage and peak current: V0=100 V,I0=5 AV_0 = 100\text{ V}, \qquad I_0 = 5\text{ A}V0​=100 V,I0​=5 A

So its resistance is R=V0I0=1005=20 ΩR = \frac{V_0}{I_0} = \frac{100}{5} = 20\,\OmegaR=I0​V0​​=5100​=20Ω

  1. Identify element YYY

The current lags the voltage by π2\frac{\pi}{2}2π​, so YYY is a pure inductor.

Its inductive reactance is XL=V0I0=1005=20 ΩX_L = \frac{V_0}{I_0} = \frac{100}{5} = 20\,\OmegaXL​=I0​V0​​=5100​=20Ω

  1. Connect XXX and YYY in series

Now the circuit is a series combination of resistance R=20 ΩR=20\,\OmegaR=20Ω and inductive reactance XL=20 ΩX_L=20\,\OmegaXL​=20Ω.

Hence the impedance is Z=R2+XL2=202+202=202 ΩZ = \sqrt{R^2 + X_L^2} = \sqrt{20^2 + 20^2} = 20\sqrt{2}\,\OmegaZ=R2+XL2​​=202+202​=202​Ω

  1. Find peak current in series combination

Using I0=V0Z=100202=52 AI_0 = \frac{V_0}{Z} = \frac{100}{20\sqrt{2}} = \frac{5}{\sqrt{2}}\text{ A}I0​=ZV0​​=202​100​=2​5​ A

  1. Find rms current

For sinusoidal current, Irms=I02=5/22=52 AI_{\text{rms}} = \frac{I_0}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{5/\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{5}{2}\text{ A}Irms​=2​I0​​=2​5/2​​=25​ A

  1. Check options

52 A\boxed{\frac{5}{2}\text{ A}}25​ A​

So the correct option is D.

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