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Probability question

2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q30
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  5. /2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q30

Probability question

2023 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q30

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
Let Ω\OmegaΩ be the sample space and A⊆Ω\mathrm{A \subseteq \Omega}A⊆Ω be an event. Given below are two statements : (S1) : If P(A) = 0, then A =ϕ\phiϕ(S2) : If P(A) = 1, then A =Ω\OmegaΩ Then :
  1. A
    both (S1) and (S2) are true
  2. B
    both (S1) and (S2) are false
  3. C
    only (S2) is true
  4. D
    only (S1) is true
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. We need to test the truth of the two statements in probability.

A basic fact is:

  • An event can have probability 000 without being the empty set.
  • An event can have probability 111 without being the whole sample space.

This happens especially in continuous sample spaces.


  1. Check statement (S1): If P(A)=0P(A)=0P(A)=0, then A=ϕA=\phiA=ϕ.

This is false.

Counterexample

Take the experiment of choosing a real number uniformly from the interval [0,1][0,1][0,1]. Then Ω=[0,1].\Omega=[0,1].Ω=[0,1]. Let A={12}.A=\left\{\tfrac12\right\}.A={21​}. Clearly, A≠ϕA\neq \phiA=ϕ since it contains one point. But in a continuous uniform distribution, P({12})=0.P\left(\left\{\tfrac12\right\}\right)=0.P({21​})=0. So P(A)=0P(A)=0P(A)=0 but A≠ϕA\neq \phiA=ϕ.

Hence, (S1) is false.


  1. Check statement (S2): If P(A)=1P(A)=1P(A)=1, then A=ΩA=\OmegaA=Ω.

This is also false.

Counterexample

Again take Ω=[0,1]\Omega=[0,1]Ω=[0,1] with uniform probability, and let A=[0,1]∖{12}.A=[0,1]\setminus \left\{\tfrac12\right\}.A=[0,1]∖{21​}. Then A≠ΩA\neq \OmegaA=Ω because the point 12\tfrac1221​ is missing. But P(A)=1−P({12})=1−0=1.P(A)=1-P\left(\left\{\tfrac12\right\}\right)=1-0=1.P(A)=1−P({21​})=1−0=1. So P(A)=1P(A)=1P(A)=1 but A≠ΩA\neq \OmegaA=Ω.

Hence, (S2) is false.


  1. Therefore:
  • (S1) is false
  • (S2) is false

So the correct option is B: both (S1) and (S2) are false.\boxed{\text{B: both (S1) and (S2) are false}}.B: both (S1) and (S2) are false​.

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