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Probability question

2021 · 20 Jul · Shift 1 · Q36
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  5. /2021 · 20 Jul · Shift 1 · Q36

Probability question

2021 · 20 Jul · Shift 1 · Q36

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
The probability of selecting integers a ∈\in∈[−-− 5, 30] such that x2 + 2(a + 4)x −-− 5a + 64 > 0, for all x ∈\in∈ R, is :
  1. A
    736{7 \over {36}}367​
  2. B
    29{2 \over {9}}92​
  3. C
    16{1 \over {6}}61​
  4. D
    14{1 \over {4}}41​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. We need the quadratic f(x)=x2+2(a+4)x−5a+64f(x)=x^2+2(a+4)x-5a+64f(x)=x2+2(a+4)x−5a+64 to satisfy f(x)>0for all x∈R.f(x)>0 \quad \text{for all } x\in \mathbb R.f(x)>0for all x∈R.

  2. For a quadratic Ax2+Bx+CAx^2+Bx+CAx2+Bx+C to be positive for all real xxx, we need:

    • A>0A>0A>0, and
    • discriminant <0<0<0.

    Here, A=1>0A=1>0A=1>0, so we only need Δ<0.\Delta<0.Δ<0.

  3. Compute the discriminant: Δ=[2(a+4)]2−4(1)(−5a+64).\Delta=[2(a+4)]^2-4(1)(-5a+64).Δ=[2(a+4)]2−4(1)(−5a+64).

    Simplifying, Δ=4(a+4)2+20a−256.\Delta=4(a+4)^2+20a-256.Δ=4(a+4)2+20a−256.

    Δ=4(a2+8a+16)+20a−256\Delta=4(a^2+8a+16)+20a-256Δ=4(a2+8a+16)+20a−256 =4a2+32a+64+20a−256=4a^2+32a+64+20a-256=4a2+32a+64+20a−256 =4a2+52a−192.=4a^2+52a-192.=4a2+52a−192.

    So the condition becomes 4a2+52a−192<0.4a^2+52a-192<0.4a2+52a−192<0.

  4. Divide by 444: a2+13a−48<0.a^2+13a-48<0.a2+13a−48<0.

    Factorize: a2+13a−48=(a+16)(a−3).a^2+13a-48=(a+16)(a-3).a2+13a−48=(a+16)(a−3).

    Hence, (a+16)(a−3)<0.(a+16)(a-3)<0.(a+16)(a−3)<0.

    Therefore, −16<a<3.-16<a<3.−16<a<3.

  5. Now aaa is an integer in the interval [−5,30][-5,30][−5,30].

    Integers satisfying −16<a<3-16<a<3−16<a<3 and a∈[−5,30]a\in[-5,30]a∈[−5,30] are: a=−5,−4,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2.a=-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2.a=−5,−4,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2.

    Number of favorable integers =8=8=8.

  6. Total integers in [−5,30][-5,30][−5,30] are: 30−(−5)+1=36.30-(-5)+1=36.30−(−5)+1=36.

  7. Therefore, the required probability is 836=29.\frac{8}{36}=\frac{2}{9}.368​=92​.

  8. Comparing with the given options, this is Option B.

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