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Probability question

2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q36
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  5. /2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q36

Probability question

2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q36

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
In a group of 400 people, 160 are smokers and non-vegetarian; 100 are smokers and vegetarian and the remaining 140 are non-smokers and vegetarian. Their chances of getting a particular chest disorder are 35%, 20% and 10% respectively. A person is chosen from the group at random and is found to be suffering from the chest disorder. The probability that the selected person is a smoker and non-vegetarian is :
  1. A
    1445{{14} \over {45}}4514​
  2. B
    845{{8} \over {45}}458​
  3. C
    745{{7} \over {45}}457​
  4. D
    2845{{28} \over {45}}4528​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Classify the 400 people into the given groups

Let:

  • S∩NS\cap NS∩N = smoker and non-vegetarian
  • S∩VS\cap VS∩V = smoker and vegetarian
  • Sˉ∩V\bar S\cap VSˉ∩V = non-smoker and vegetarian

Given:

  • ∣S∩N∣=160|S\cap N| = 160∣S∩N∣=160
  • ∣S∩V∣=100|S\cap V| = 100∣S∩V∣=100
  • remaining 140140140 are Sˉ∩V\bar S\cap VSˉ∩V

So the three groups are:

160+100+140=400160+100+140=400160+100+140=400

  1. Use the given probabilities of chest disorder

The chances of getting the chest disorder are:

  • for smoker and non-vegetarian: 35%=0.3535\% = 0.3535%=0.35
  • for smoker and vegetarian: 20%=0.2020\% = 0.2020%=0.20
  • for non-smoker and vegetarian: 10%=0.1010\% = 0.1010%=0.10
  1. Find the number of people with chest disorder from each group

From smoker and non-vegetarian:

160×0.35=56160\times 0.35 = 56160×0.35=56

From smoker and vegetarian:

100×0.20=20100\times 0.20 = 20100×0.20=20

From non-smoker and vegetarian:

140×0.10=14140\times 0.10 = 14140×0.10=14

  1. Find total number of people suffering from the disorder

56+20+14=9056+20+14=9056+20+14=90

  1. Apply conditional probability

We need:

P(S∩N∣D)P(S\cap N\mid D)P(S∩N∣D)

where DDD = suffering from the chest disorder.

Thus,

P(S∩N∣D)=number of people who are smoker and non-vegetarian and have disordertotal number of people who have disorderP(S\cap N\mid D)=\frac{\text{number of people who are smoker and non-vegetarian and have disorder}}{\text{total number of people who have disorder}}P(S∩N∣D)=total number of people who have disordernumber of people who are smoker and non-vegetarian and have disorder​

=5690=2845=\frac{56}{90}=\frac{28}{45}=9056​=4528​

  1. Check options

2845\frac{28}{45}4528​

So the correct option is D.

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