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Probability question

2019 · 8 Apr · Shift 1 · Q26
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  5. /2019 · 8 Apr · Shift 1 · Q26

Probability question

2019 · 8 Apr · Shift 1 · Q26

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
Let A and B be two non-null events such that A ⊂\subset⊂ B . Then, which of the following statements is always correct?
  1. A
    P(A|B) = 1
  2. B
    P(A|B) = P(B) – P(A)
  3. C
    P(A|B) ≤\le≤ P(A)
  4. D
    P(A|B) ≥\ge≥ P(A)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Since A⊂BA \subset BA⊂B, whenever AAA occurs, BBB also occurs. Hence A∩B=A.A \cap B = A.A∩B=A.

  2. By definition of conditional probability, P(A∣B)=P(A∩B)P(B).P(A\mid B)=\frac{P(A\cap B)}{P(B)}.P(A∣B)=P(B)P(A∩B)​. Using A∩B=AA\cap B=AA∩B=A, P(A∣B)=P(A)P(B).P(A\mid B)=\frac{P(A)}{P(B)}.P(A∣B)=P(B)P(A)​.

  3. Now compare this with the given options.

    Option A: P(A∣B)=1P(A\mid B)=1P(A∣B)=1

    This would mean P(A)P(B)=1  ⟹  P(A)=P(B),\frac{P(A)}{P(B)}=1 \implies P(A)=P(B),P(B)P(A)​=1⟹P(A)=P(B), which is not always true. So A is false.

    Option B: P(A∣B)=P(B)−P(A)P(A\mid B)=P(B)-P(A)P(A∣B)=P(B)−P(A)

    But actually, P(A∣B)=P(A)P(B),P(A\mid B)=\frac{P(A)}{P(B)},P(A∣B)=P(B)P(A)​, which is not generally equal to P(B)−P(A)P(B)-P(A)P(B)−P(A). So B is false.

    Option C: P(A∣B)≤P(A)P(A\mid B)\le P(A)P(A∣B)≤P(A)

    Since P(A∣B)=P(A)P(B),P(A\mid B)=\frac{P(A)}{P(B)},P(A∣B)=P(B)P(A)​, and because 0<P(B)≤10<P(B)\le 10<P(B)≤1 (for conditional probability to be defined, P(B)>0P(B)>0P(B)>0), dividing by P(B)P(B)P(B) gives P(A)P(B)≥P(A).\frac{P(A)}{P(B)}\ge P(A).P(B)P(A)​≥P(A). So C is false.

    Option D: P(A∣B)≥P(A)P(A\mid B)\ge P(A)P(A∣B)≥P(A)

    From above, P(A∣B)=P(A)P(B)≥P(A),P(A\mid B)=\frac{P(A)}{P(B)}\ge P(A),P(A∣B)=P(B)P(A)​≥P(A), because P(B)≤1P(B)\le 1P(B)≤1 and P(B)>0P(B)>0P(B)>0. Hence D is always true.

  4. Therefore, the correct answer is D.\boxed{D}.D​.

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