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Permutations and Combinations question

2023 · 1 Feb · Shift 1 · Q22
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Permutations and Combinations question

2023 · 1 Feb · Shift 1 · Q22

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsMCQ+4 / −1
The value of 11!50!+13!48!+15!46!+….+149!2!+151!1!\frac{1}{1 ! 50 !}+\frac{1}{3 ! 48 !}+\frac{1}{5 ! 46 !}+\ldots .+\frac{1}{49 ! 2 !}+\frac{1}{51 ! 1 !}1!50!1​+3!48!1​+5!46!1​+….+49!2!1​+51!1!1​ is :
  1. A
    25150!\frac{2^{51}}{50 !}50!251​
  2. B
    25151!\frac{2^{51}}{51 !}51!251​
  3. C
    25050!\frac{2^{50}}{50 !}50!250​
  4. D
    25051!\frac{2^{50}}{51 !}51!250​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Write the series in a general form

The given sum is

S=11!50!+13!48!+15!46!+⋯+149!2!+151!1!.S=\frac{1}{1!50!}+\frac{1}{3!48!}+\frac{1}{5!46!}+\cdots+\frac{1}{49!2!}+\frac{1}{51!1!}.S=1!50!1​+3!48!1​+5!46!1​+⋯+49!2!1​+51!1!1​.

Observe that the factorials in each term add up to 515151:

1+50=3+48=5+46=⋯=51+0.1+50=3+48=5+46=\cdots=51+0.1+50=3+48=5+46=⋯=51+0.

But here the listed last terms are 149!2!\frac{1}{49!2!}49!2!1​ and 151!1!\frac{1}{51!1!}51!1!1​, so the intended pattern is:

S=∑r=1r odd511r!(51−r)!.S=\sum_{\substack{r=1 \\ r\text{ odd}}}^{51} \frac{1}{r!(51-r)!}.S=r=1r odd​∑51​r!(51−r)!1​.

That is, we are summing over all odd rrr from 111 to 515151.

  1. Relate to binomial coefficients

Recall:

(51r)=51!r!(51−r)!.\binom{51}{r}=\frac{51!}{r!(51-r)!}.(r51​)=r!(51−r)!51!​.

So,

1r!(51−r)!=151!(51r).\frac{1}{r!(51-r)!}=\frac{1}{51!}\binom{51}{r}.r!(51−r)!1​=51!1​(r51​).

Hence,

S=151!∑r=1r odd51(51r).S=\frac{1}{51!}\sum_{\substack{r=1 \\ r\text{ odd}}}^{51}\binom{51}{r}.S=51!1​r=1r odd​∑51​(r51​).
  1. Use the standard identity for odd binomial coefficients

For any positive integer nnn,

∑r odd(nr)=2n−1.\sum_{r\text{ odd}} \binom{n}{r}=2^{n-1}.r odd∑​(rn​)=2n−1.

Thus for n=51n=51n=51,

∑r odd(51r)=250.\sum_{r\text{ odd}} \binom{51}{r}=2^{50}.r odd∑​(r51​)=250.

Therefore,

S=151!⋅250=25051!.S=\frac{1}{51!}\cdot 2^{50}=\frac{2^{50}}{51!}.S=51!1​⋅250=51!250​.
  1. Match with the options

So the value is

25051!.\boxed{\frac{2^{50}}{51!}}.51!250​​.

This is Option D.

  1. Comparison with stored correct answer

Stored correct answer: D

Our derived answer: D

They match.

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