Given piecewise function
f ( x ) = { g ( x ) , x ≤ 0 ( 1 + x 2 + x ) 1 / x , x > 0 f(x)=
\begin{cases}
g(x), & x\le 0 \\
\left(\dfrac{1+x}{2+x}\right)^{1/x}, & x>0
\end{cases} f ( x ) = ⎩ ⎨ ⎧ g ( x ) , ( 2 + x 1 + x ) 1/ x , x ≤ 0 x > 0
where g ( x ) g(x) g ( x ) is linear, and f ( x ) f(x) f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 x=0 x = 0 .
We also have
f ′ ( 1 ) = f ( − 1 ) . f'(1)=f(-1). f ′ ( 1 ) = f ( − 1 ) .
We need to find g ( 3 ) g(3) g ( 3 ) .
Use continuity at x = 0 x=0 x = 0 to determine g ( 0 ) g(0) g ( 0 )
Since f f f is continuous at x = 0 x=0 x = 0 ,
g ( 0 ) = lim x → 0 + ( 1 + x 2 + x ) 1 / x . g(0)=\lim_{x\to 0^+}\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)^{1/x}. g ( 0 ) = lim x → 0 + ( 2 + x 1 + x ) 1/ x .
Let
L = lim x → 0 + ( 1 + x 2 + x ) 1 / x . L=\lim_{x\to 0^+}\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)^{1/x}. L = lim x → 0 + ( 2 + x 1 + x ) 1/ x .
Take logarithm:
ln L = lim x → 0 + 1 x ln ( 1 + x 2 + x ) . \ln L=\lim_{x\to 0^+}\frac{1}{x}\ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right). ln L = lim x → 0 + x 1 ln ( 2 + x 1 + x ) .
Now,
ln ( 1 + x 2 + x ) = ln ( 1 + x ) − ln ( 2 + x ) . \ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)=\ln(1+x)-\ln(2+x). ln ( 2 + x 1 + x ) = ln ( 1 + x ) − ln ( 2 + x ) .
As x → 0 + x\to 0^+ x → 0 + ,
ln ( 1 + x ) → 0 , ln ( 2 + x ) → ln 2. \ln(1+x)\to 0, \qquad \ln(2+x)\to \ln 2. ln ( 1 + x ) → 0 , ln ( 2 + x ) → ln 2.
Hence
ln ( 1 + x 2 + x ) → − ln 2 ≠ 0. \ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)\to -\ln 2 \neq 0. ln ( 2 + x 1 + x ) → − ln 2 = 0.
Therefore,
1 x ln ( 1 + x 2 + x ) → − ∞ , \frac{1}{x}\ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)\to -\infty, x 1 ln ( 2 + x 1 + x ) → − ∞ ,
so
L = e − ∞ = 0. L=e^{-\infty}=0. L = e − ∞ = 0.
Thus,
g ( 0 ) = 0. g(0)=0. g ( 0 ) = 0.
Since g ( x ) g(x) g ( x ) is linear, let
g ( x ) = m x + c . g(x)=mx+c. g ( x ) = m x + c .
From g ( 0 ) = 0 g(0)=0 g ( 0 ) = 0 , we get c = 0 c=0 c = 0 , so
g ( x ) = m x . g(x)=mx. g ( x ) = m x .
Compute f ( − 1 ) f(-1) f ( − 1 )
Since − 1 ≤ 0 -1\le 0 − 1 ≤ 0 ,
f ( − 1 ) = g ( − 1 ) = − m . f(-1)=g(-1)=-m. f ( − 1 ) = g ( − 1 ) = − m .
Compute f ′ ( 1 ) f'(1) f ′ ( 1 ) for the right branch
For x > 0 x>0 x > 0 ,
f ( x ) = ( 1 + x 2 + x ) 1 / x . f(x)=\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)^{1/x}. f ( x ) = ( 2 + x 1 + x ) 1/ x .
Take logarithm:
ln f ( x ) = 1 x ln ( 1 + x 2 + x ) . \ln f(x)=\frac{1}{x}\ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right). ln f ( x ) = x 1 ln ( 2 + x 1 + x ) .
Let
y = f ( x ) , ln y = 1 x ln ( 1 + x 2 + x ) . y=f(x), \qquad \ln y=\frac{1}{x}\ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right). y = f ( x ) , ln y = x 1 ln ( 2 + x 1 + x ) .
Differentiate:
y ′ y = d d x [ 1 x ln ( 1 + x 2 + x ) ] . \frac{y'}{y}=\frac{d}{dx}\left[\frac{1}{x}\ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)\right]. y y ′ = d x d [ x 1 ln ( 2 + x 1 + x ) ] .
Using product/quotient rule,
y ′ y = − 1 x 2 ln ( 1 + x 2 + x ) + 1 x ⋅ d d x [ ln ( 1 + x 2 + x ) ] . \frac{y'}{y}=-\frac{1}{x^2}\ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)+\frac{1}{x}\cdot \frac{d}{dx}\left[\ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)\right]. y y ′ = − x 2 1 ln ( 2 + x 1 + x ) + x 1 ⋅ d x d [ ln ( 2 + x 1 + x ) ] .
Now,
\frac{d}{dx}\ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)=\frac{1}{1+x}-\frac{1}{2+x}=rac{1}{(1+x)(2+x)}.
So,
y ′ y = − 1 x 2 ln ( 1 + x 2 + x ) + 1 x ( 1 + x ) ( 2 + x ) . \frac{y'}{y}=-\frac{1}{x^2}\ln\left(\frac{1+x}{2+x}\right)+\frac{1}{x(1+x)(2+x)}. y y ′ = − x 2 1 ln ( 2 + x 1 + x ) + x ( 1 + x ) ( 2 + x ) 1 .
At x = 1 x=1 x = 1 ,
f ( 1 ) = ( 2 3 ) 1 = 2 3 . f(1)=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^1=\frac{2}{3}. f ( 1 ) = ( 3 2 ) 1 = 3 2 .
Also,
= − ln ( 2 3 ) + 1 6 . =-\ln\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)+\frac{1}{6}. = − ln ( 3 2 ) + 6 1 .
Hence,
f ′ ( 1 ) = 2 3 [ − ln ( 2 3 ) + 1 6 ] . f'(1)=\frac{2}{3}\left[-\ln\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)+\frac{1}{6}\right]. f ′ ( 1 ) = 3 2 [ − ln ( 3 2 ) + 6 1 ] .
Since − ln ( 2 / 3 ) = ln ( 3 / 2 ) -\ln(2/3)=\ln(3/2) − ln ( 2/3 ) = ln ( 3/2 ) ,
f ′ ( 1 ) = 2 3 ln ( 3 2 ) + 1 9 . f'(1)=\frac{2}{3}\ln\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)+\frac{1}{9}. f ′ ( 1 ) = 3 2 ln ( 2 3 ) + 9 1 .
Use the condition f ′ ( 1 ) = f ( − 1 ) f'(1)=f(-1) f ′ ( 1 ) = f ( − 1 )
Given
f ′ ( 1 ) = f ( − 1 ) , f'(1)=f(-1), f ′ ( 1 ) = f ( − 1 ) ,
so
2 3 ln ( 3 2 ) + 1 9 = − m . \frac{2}{3}\ln\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)+\frac{1}{9}=-m. 3 2 ln ( 2 3 ) + 9 1 = − m .
Thus,
Since g ( x ) = m x g(x)=mx g ( x ) = m x ,
g ( 3 ) = 3 m = − 2 ln ( 3 2 ) − 1 3 . g(3)=3m=-2\ln\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)-\frac{1}{3}. g ( 3 ) = 3 m = − 2 ln ( 2 3 ) − 3 1 .
Now simplify:
− 2 ln ( 3 2 ) = ln ( 2 3 ) 2 = ln ( 4 9 ) . -2\ln\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)=\ln\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^2=\ln\left(\frac{4}{9}\right). − 2 ln ( 2 3 ) = ln ( 3 2 ) 2 = ln ( 9 4 ) .
Therefore,
g ( 3 ) = ln ( 4 9 ) − 1 3 . g(3)=\ln\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)-\frac{1}{3}. g ( 3 ) = ln ( 9 4 ) − 3 1 .
Also,
ln ( 4 9 e 1 / 3 ) = ln ( 4 9 ) − 1 3 . \ln\left(\frac{4}{9e^{1/3}}\right)=\ln\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)-\frac{1}{3}. ln ( 9 e 1/3 4 ) = ln ( 9 4 ) − 3 1 .
Hence,
g ( 3 ) = ln ( 4 9 e 1 / 3 ) . g(3)=\ln\left(\frac{4}{9e^{1/3}}\right). g ( 3 ) = ln ( 9 e 1/3 4 ) .
Compare with options
This matches Option C :
ln ( 4 9 e 1 / 3 ) . \boxed{\ln\left(\frac{4}{9e^{1/3}}\right)}. ln ( 9 e 1/3 4 ) .
Verification with stored answer
Stored correct answer: C .
Our derived answer is also C . So they agree.