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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 1 · Q26
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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 1 · Q26

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityNumerical+4 / −1
Suppose a differentiable function f(x) satisfies the identity f(x+y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy2 + x2y, for all real x and y. lim⁡x→0f(x)x=1\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{f\left( x \right)} \over x} = 1x→0lim​xf(x)​=1, then f'(3) is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 10

  1. We are given

f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+xy2+x2y  for all real x,y.f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+xy^2+x^2y \,\text{ for all real }x,y.f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+xy2+x2y for all real x,y.

Also,

lim⁡x→0f(x)x=1.\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{f(x)}{x}=1.limx→0​xf(x)​=1.

We need to find f′(3)f'(3)f′(3).


  1. First, simplify the extra term:

xy2+x2y=xy(x+y).xy^2+x^2y=xy(x+y).xy2+x2y=xy(x+y).

So the functional equation is

f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+xy(x+y).f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+xy(x+y).f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+xy(x+y).

This suggests subtracting a cubic term, because

(x+y)3=x3+y3+3xy(x+y).(x+y)^3=x^3+y^3+3xy(x+y).(x+y)3=x3+y3+3xy(x+y).

Hence,

(x+y)33=x33+y33+xy(x+y).\frac{(x+y)^3}{3}=\frac{x^3}{3}+\frac{y^3}{3}+xy(x+y).3(x+y)3​=3x3​+3y3​+xy(x+y).

Therefore, if we define

g(x)=f(x)−x33,g(x)=f(x)-\frac{x^3}{3},g(x)=f(x)−3x3​,

then

\begin{align*} g(x+y) &= f(x+y)-\frac{(x+y)^3}{3}\ &= f(x)+f(y)+xy(x+y)-\left(\frac{x^3}{3}+\frac{y^3}{3}+xy(x+y)\right)\ &= \left(f(x)-\frac{x^3}{3}\right)+\left(f(y)-\frac{y^3}{3}\right)\ &= g(x)+g(y). \end{align*}

So ggg satisfies Cauchy’s additive equation:

g(x+y)=g(x)+g(y).g(x+y)=g(x)+g(y).g(x+y)=g(x)+g(y).


  1. Since fff is differentiable, g(x)=f(x)−x3/3g(x)=f(x)-x^3/3g(x)=f(x)−x3/3 is also differentiable, hence continuous. A continuous additive function must be linear, so

g(x)=cxg(x)=cxg(x)=cx

for some constant ccc.

Thus,

f(x)=cx+x33.f(x)=cx+\frac{x^3}{3}.f(x)=cx+3x3​.


  1. Use the given limit:

lim⁡x→0f(x)x=1.\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{f(x)}{x}=1.limx→0​xf(x)​=1.

Now,

f(x)x=cx+x3/3x=c+x23.\frac{f(x)}{x}=\frac{cx+x^3/3}{x}=c+\frac{x^2}{3}.xf(x)​=xcx+x3/3​=c+3x2​.

Taking limit as x→0x\to 0x→0,

lim⁡x→0f(x)x=c=1.\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{f(x)}{x}=c=1.limx→0​xf(x)​=c=1.

So,

c=1.c=1.c=1.

Hence,

f(x)=x+x33.f(x)=x+\frac{x^3}{3}.f(x)=x+3x3​.


  1. Differentiate:

f′(x)=1+x2.f'(x)=1+x^2.f′(x)=1+x2.

Therefore,

f′(3)=1+32=1+9=10.f'(3)=1+3^2=1+9=10.f′(3)=1+32=1+9=10.


  1. Final answer:

10\boxed{10}10​

This matches the stored correct answer.

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