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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 2 · Q40
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  5. /2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 2 · Q40

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 2 · Q40

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
The function f(x)={π4+tan⁡−1x,∣x∣≤112(∣x∣−1),∣x∣>1f(x) = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} {{\pi \over 4} + {{\tan }^{ - 1}}x,} & {\left| x \right| \le 1} \\ {{1 \over 2}\left( {\left| x \right| - 1} \right),} & {\left| x \right| \gt 1} \\ \end{matrix} } \right.f(x)={4π​+tan−1x,21​(∣x∣−1),​∣x∣≤1∣x∣>1​ is :
  1. A
    continuous on R–{–1} and differentiable on R–{–1, 1}
  2. B
    both continuous and differentiable on R–{1}
  3. C
    both continuous and differentiable on R–{–1}
  4. D
    continuous on R–{1} and differentiable on R–{–1, 1}
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Given piecewise function
f(x)={π4+tan⁡−1x,∣x∣≤112(∣x∣−1),∣x∣>1f(x)= \begin{cases} \dfrac{\pi}{4}+\tan^{-1}x, & |x|\le 1 \\ \dfrac12(|x|-1), & |x|>1 \end{cases}f(x)=⎩⎨⎧​4π​+tan−1x,21​(∣x∣−1),​∣x∣≤1∣x∣>1​

We need to check continuity and differentiability on the real line.


  1. Points where trouble may occur

Each branch is individually continuous and differentiable on its own domain. So we only need to check the junction points:

x=−1andx=1.x=-1 \quad \text{and} \quad x=1.x=−1andx=1.


  1. Continuity at } x=1

For ∣x∣≤1|x|\le 1∣x∣≤1,

f(1)=π4+tan⁡−1(1)=π4+π4=π2.f(1)=\frac{\pi}{4}+\tan^{-1}(1)=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\pi}{4}=\frac{\pi}{2}.f(1)=4π​+tan−1(1)=4π​+4π​=2π​.

Left-hand limit:

lim⁡x→1−f(x)=π4+tan⁡−1(1)=π2.\lim_{x\to 1^-} f(x)=\frac{\pi}{4}+\tan^{-1}(1)=\frac{\pi}{2}.limx→1−​f(x)=4π​+tan−1(1)=2π​.

For x>1x>1x>1, ∣x∣=x|x|=x∣x∣=x, so

f(x)=12(x−1).f(x)=\frac12(x-1).f(x)=21​(x−1).

Hence right-hand limit:

lim⁡x→1+f(x)=12(1−1)=0.\lim_{x\to 1^+} f(x)=\frac12(1-1)=0.limx→1+​f(x)=21​(1−1)=0.

Since

π2≠0,\frac{\pi}{2} \ne 0,2π​=0,

fff is not continuous at x=1x=1x=1.


  1. Continuity at } x=-1

For ∣x∣≤1|x|\le 1∣x∣≤1,

f(−1)=π4+tan⁡−1(−1)=π4−π4=0.f(-1)=\frac{\pi}{4}+\tan^{-1}(-1)=\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\pi}{4}=0.f(−1)=4π​+tan−1(−1)=4π​−4π​=0.

Left-hand side: for x<−1x<-1x<−1, ∣x∣=−x|x|=-x∣x∣=−x, so

f(x)=12((−x)−1)=12(−x−1).f(x)=\frac12((-x)-1)=\frac12(-x-1).f(x)=21​((−x)−1)=21​(−x−1).

Thus,

lim⁡x→−1−f(x)=12(−(−1)−1)=12(1−1)=0.\lim_{x\to -1^-} f(x)=\frac12(-(-1)-1)=\frac12(1-1)=0.limx→−1−​f(x)=21​(−(−1)−1)=21​(1−1)=0.

Right-hand limit:

lim⁡x→−1+f(x)=π4+tan⁡−1(−1)=0.\lim_{x\to -1^+} f(x)=\frac{\pi}{4}+\tan^{-1}(-1)=0.limx→−1+​f(x)=4π​+tan−1(−1)=0.

All are equal, so fff is continuous at x=−1x=-1x=−1.


  1. Continuity elsewhere

Away from x=±1x=\pm1x=±1, each formula is continuous. Since it is also continuous at x=−1x=-1x=−1 but not at x=1x=1x=1, the function is:

continuous on R∖{1}.\text{continuous on } \mathbb{R}\setminus\{1\}.continuous on R∖{1}.


  1. Differentiability at } x=-1

For −1<x<1-1<x<1−1<x<1,

f(x)=π4+tan⁡−1x  ⟹  f′(x)=11+x2.f(x)=\frac{\pi}{4}+\tan^{-1}x \implies f'(x)=\frac{1}{1+x^2}.f(x)=4π​+tan−1x⟹f′(x)=1+x21​.

So right derivative at x=−1x=-1x=−1 is

f+′(−1)=11+(−1)2=12.f'_+(-1)=\frac{1}{1+(-1)^2}=\frac12.f+′​(−1)=1+(−1)21​=21​.

For x<−1x<-1x<−1,

f(x)=12(−x−1),f(x)=\frac12(-x-1),f(x)=21​(−x−1), so

f′(x)=−12.f'(x)=-\frac12.f′(x)=−21​.

Thus left derivative at x=−1x=-1x=−1 is

f−′(−1)=−12.f'_-( -1 )=-\frac12.f−′​(−1)=−21​.

Since

f−′(−1)≠f+′(−1),f'_-( -1 ) \ne f'_+( -1 ),f−′​(−1)=f+′​(−1),

fff is not differentiable at x=−1x=-1x=−1.


  1. Differentiability at } x=1

Since the function is not continuous at x=1x=1x=1, it cannot be differentiable there.

So fff is not differentiable at x=1x=1x=1.


  1. Final classification
  • Continuous everywhere except at x=1x=1x=1
  • Differentiable everywhere except at x=−1x=-1x=−1 and x=1x=1x=1

Therefore,

Option D: continuous on R∖{1} and differentiable on R∖{−1,1}\boxed{\text{Option D: continuous on } \mathbb{R}\setminus\{1\} \text{ and differentiable on } \mathbb{R}\setminus\{-1,1\}}Option D: continuous on R∖{1} and differentiable on R∖{−1,1}​


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: D

Our derived answer: D

They match.

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