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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2020 · 6 Sep · Shift 2 · Q23
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  5. /2020 · 6 Sep · Shift 2 · Q23

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2020 · 6 Sep · Shift 2 · Q23

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
For all twice differentiable functions f : R →\to→ R, with f(0) = f(1) = f'(0) = 0
  1. A
    f''(x) eee 0, at every point x ∈\in∈ (0, 1)
  2. B
    f''(x) = 0, for some x ∈\in∈ (0, 1)
  3. C
    f''(0) = 0
  4. D
    f''(x) = 0, at every point x ∈\in∈ (0, 1)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Given conditions

We are given a twice differentiable function f:R→Rf:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}f:R→R such that f(0)=0,f(1)=0,f′(0)=0.f(0)=0,\quad f(1)=0,\quad f'(0)=0.f(0)=0,f(1)=0,f′(0)=0. We must determine which statement is necessarily true.


  1. Use Rolle's theorem on [0,1][0,1][0,1]

Since fff is twice differentiable, it is continuous on [0,1][0,1][0,1] and differentiable on (0,1)(0,1)(0,1). Also, f(0)=f(1)=0.f(0)=f(1)=0.f(0)=f(1)=0. So by Rolle's theorem, there exists some c∈(0,1)c\in(0,1)c∈(0,1) such that f′(c)=0.f'(c)=0.f′(c)=0.

But we are also given f′(0)=0.f'(0)=0.f′(0)=0. Thus, f′(0)=f′(c)=0.f'(0)=f'(c)=0.f′(0)=f′(c)=0.


  1. Apply Rolle's theorem to f′f'f′ on [0,c][0,c][0,c]

Because fff is twice differentiable, f′f'f′ is continuous on [0,c][0,c][0,c] and differentiable on (0,c)(0,c)(0,c). Since f′(0)=f′(c)=0,f'(0)=f'(c)=0,f′(0)=f′(c)=0, Rolle's theorem applied to f′f'f′ gives some ξ∈(0,c)⊂(0,1)\xi\in(0,c)\subset(0,1)ξ∈(0,c)⊂(0,1) such that f′′(ξ)=0.f''(\xi)=0.f′′(ξ)=0.

Hence there exists at least one point in (0,1)(0,1)(0,1) where f′′f''f′′ vanishes.

So option B is true.


  1. Check the other options

Option A: f′′(x)≠0f''(x)\ne 0f′′(x)=0 for every x∈(0,1)x\in(0,1)x∈(0,1)

This contradicts what we just proved: there exists ξ∈(0,1)\xi\in(0,1)ξ∈(0,1) with f′′(ξ)=0.f''(\xi)=0.f′′(ξ)=0. So A is false.

Option C: f′′(0)=0f''(0)=0f′′(0)=0

This need not be true. Consider f(x)=x2(x−1)=x3−x2.f(x)=x^2(x-1)=x^3-x^2.f(x)=x2(x−1)=x3−x2. Then f(0)=0,f(1)=0,f′(x)=3x2−2x,f(0)=0,\quad f(1)=0,\quad f'(x)=3x^2-2x,f(0)=0,f(1)=0,f′(x)=3x2−2x, so f′(0)=0.f'(0)=0.f′(0)=0. But f′′(x)=6x−2  ⟹  f′′(0)=−2≠0.f''(x)=6x-2 \implies f''(0)=-2\ne 0.f′′(x)=6x−2⟹f′′(0)=−2=0. So C is false.

Option D: f′′(x)=0f''(x)=0f′′(x)=0 at every point x∈(0,1)x\in(0,1)x∈(0,1)

If this were true, then fff would be linear on (0,1)(0,1)(0,1). With f′(0)=0f'(0)=0f′(0)=0, that would force a constant behavior, which is not necessary. The same counterexample works: f(x)=x2(x−1),f′′(x)=6x−2,f(x)=x^2(x-1),\quad f''(x)=6x-2,f(x)=x2(x−1),f′′(x)=6x−2, which is not identically zero on (0,1)(0,1)(0,1). So D is false.


  1. Conclusion

The only statement that must hold for all such twice differentiable functions is: B: f′′(x)=0 for some x∈(0,1).\boxed{\text{B: } f''(x)=0 \text{ for some } x\in(0,1).}B: f′′(x)=0 for some x∈(0,1).​

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