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Differential Equations question

2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 2 · Q34
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  5. /2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 2 · Q34

Differential Equations question

2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 2 · Q34

JEE MainMathematicsDifferential EquationsMCQ+4 / −1
Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation, dydx+ytan⁡x=2x+x2tan⁡x{{dy} \over {dx}} + y\tan x = 2x + {x^2}\tan xdxdy​+ytanx=2x+x2tanx, x∈(−π2,π2)x \in \left( { - {\pi \over 2},{\pi \over 2}} \right)x∈(−2π​,2π​), such that y(0) = 1. Then :
  1. A
    y(π4)−y(−π4)=2y\left( {{\pi \over 4}} \right) - y\left( { - {\pi \over 4}} \right) = \sqrt 2y(4π​)−y(−4π​)=2​
  2. B
    y′(π4)−y′(−π4)=π−2y'\left( {{\pi \over 4}} \right) - y'\left( { - {\pi \over 4}} \right) = \pi - \sqrt 2y′(4π​)−y′(−4π​)=π−2​
  3. C
    y(π4)+y(−π4)=π22+2y\left( {{\pi \over 4}} \right) + y\left( { - {\pi \over 4}} \right) = {{{\pi ^2}} \over 2} + 2y(4π​)+y(−4π​)=2π2​+2
  4. D
    y′(π4)+y′(−π4)=−2y'\left( {{\pi \over 4}} \right) + y'\left( { - {\pi \over 4}} \right) = - \sqrt 2y′(4π​)+y′(−4π​)=−2​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Given differential equation

    dydx+ytan⁡x=2x+x2tan⁡x,x∈(−π2,π2)\frac{dy}{dx}+y\tan x=2x+x^2\tan x, \qquad x\in\left(-\frac\pi2,\frac\pi2\right)dxdy​+ytanx=2x+x2tanx,x∈(−2π​,2π​)

    with initial condition

    y(0)=1.y(0)=1.y(0)=1.

  2. Solve the linear differential equation

    Rewrite in standard form:

    y′+(tan⁡x)y=2x+x2tan⁡x.y'+(\tan x)y=2x+x^2\tan x.y′+(tanx)y=2x+x2tanx.

    The integrating factor is

    I.F.=e∫tan⁡x dx=e−ln⁡(cos⁡x)=sec⁡x.\text{I.F.}=e^{\int \tan x\,dx}=e^{-\ln(\cos x)}=\sec x.I.F.=e∫tanxdx=e−ln(cosx)=secx.

  3. Multiply throughout by the integrating factor

    sec⁡x y′+ysec⁡xtan⁡x=2xsec⁡x+x2sec⁡xtan⁡x.\sec x\, y' + y\sec x\tan x = 2x\sec x + x^2\sec x\tan x.secxy′+ysecxtanx=2xsecx+x2secxtanx.

    Left side becomes:

    ddx(ysec⁡x)=2xsec⁡x+x2sec⁡xtan⁡x.\frac{d}{dx}(y\sec x)=2x\sec x+x^2\sec x\tan x.dxd​(ysecx)=2xsecx+x2secxtanx.

    Notice that

    ddx(x2sec⁡x)=2xsec⁡x+x2sec⁡xtan⁡x.\frac{d}{dx}(x^2\sec x)=2x\sec x+x^2\sec x\tan x.dxd​(x2secx)=2xsecx+x2secxtanx.

    Hence,

    ddx(ysec⁡x)=ddx(x2sec⁡x).\frac{d}{dx}(y\sec x)=\frac{d}{dx}(x^2\sec x).dxd​(ysecx)=dxd​(x2secx).

    Integrating,

    ysec⁡x=x2sec⁡x+C.y\sec x=x^2\sec x+C.ysecx=x2secx+C.

    Therefore,

    y=x2+Ccos⁡x.y=x^2+C\cos x.y=x2+Ccosx.

  4. Use the initial condition

    y(0)=02+Ccos⁡0=C=1.y(0)=0^2+C\cos 0=C=1.y(0)=02+Ccos0=C=1.

    So,

    y=x2+cos⁡x.\boxed{y=x^2+\cos x}. y=x2+cosx​.

  5. Differentiate

    y′=2x−sin⁡x.y'=2x-\sin x.y′=2x−sinx.

  6. Evaluate at x=±π4x=\pm \frac\pi4x=±4π​

    Since

    cos⁡π4=12,sin⁡π4=12,sin⁡(−π4)=−12,\cos\frac\pi4=\frac{1}{\sqrt2}, \qquad \sin\frac\pi4=\frac{1}{\sqrt2}, \qquad \sin\left(-\frac\pi4\right)=-\frac{1}{\sqrt2},cos4π​=2​1​,sin4π​=2​1​,sin(−4π​)=−2​1​,

    we get

    y(π4)=(π4)2+12=π216+12,y\left(\frac\pi4\right)=\left(\frac\pi4\right)^2+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}=\frac{\pi^2}{16}+\frac{1}{\sqrt2},y(4π​)=(4π​)2+2​1​=16π2​+2​1​,

    y(−π4)=(π4)2+12=π216+12.y\left(-\frac\pi4\right)=\left(\frac\pi4\right)^2+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}=\frac{\pi^2}{16}+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}.y(−4π​)=(4π​)2+2​1​=16π2​+2​1​.

    Hence,

    y(π4)−y(−π4)=0,y\left(\frac\pi4\right)-y\left(-\frac\pi4\right)=0,y(4π​)−y(−4π​)=0,

    so A is false.

    Also,

    y(π4)+y(−π4)=2(π216+12)=π28+2,y\left(\frac\pi4\right)+y\left(-\frac\pi4\right)=2\left(\frac{\pi^2}{16}+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)=\frac{\pi^2}{8}+\sqrt2,y(4π​)+y(−4π​)=2(16π2​+2​1​)=8π2​+2​,

    which is not

    π22+2.\frac{\pi^2}{2}+2.2π2​+2.

    So C is false.

  7. Evaluate derivatives

    y′(π4)=2⋅π4−12=π2−12,y'\left(\frac\pi4\right)=2\cdot\frac\pi4-\frac{1}{\sqrt2}=\frac\pi2-\frac{1}{\sqrt2},y′(4π​)=2⋅4π​−2​1​=2π​−2​1​,

    y′(−π4)=2⋅(−π4)−(−12)=−π2+12.y'\left(-\frac\pi4\right)=2\cdot\left(-\frac\pi4\right)-\left(-\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)=-\frac\pi2+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}.y′(−4π​)=2⋅(−4π​)−(−2​1​)=−2π​+2​1​.

    Therefore,

    y′(π4)−y′(−π4)=(π2−12)−(−π2+12)y'\left(\frac\pi4\right)-y'\left(-\frac\pi4\right)=\left(\frac\pi2-\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)-\left(-\frac\pi2+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)y′(4π​)−y′(−4π​)=(2π​−2​1​)−(−2π​+2​1​)

    =π−22=π−2.=\pi-\frac{2}{\sqrt2}=\pi-\sqrt2.=π−2​2​=π−2​.

    So B is true.

    Next,

    y′(π4)+y′(−π4)=(π2−12)+(−π2+12)=0.y'\left(\frac\pi4\right)+y'\left(-\frac\pi4\right)=\left(\frac\pi2-\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)+\left(-\frac\pi2+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)=0.y′(4π​)+y′(−4π​)=(2π​−2​1​)+(−2π​+2​1​)=0.

    So D is false.

  8. Conclusion

    The only correct option is

    B.\boxed{\text{B}}.B​.

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