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Differential Equations question

2019 · 11 Jan · Shift 2 · Q37
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  5. /2019 · 11 Jan · Shift 2 · Q37

Differential Equations question

2019 · 11 Jan · Shift 2 · Q37

JEE MainMathematicsDifferential EquationsMCQ+4 / −1
The solution of the differential equation, dydx{{dy} \over {dx}}dxdy​ = (x – y)2, when y(1) = 1, is :
  1. A
    −-− loge ∣1+x−y1−x+y∣\left| {{{1 + x - y} \over {1 - x + y}}} \right|​1−x+y1+x−y​​= x + y −-− 2
  2. B
    loge ∣2−x2−y∣\left| {{{2 - x} \over {2 - y}}} \right|​2−y2−x​​= x −-− y
  3. C
    loge ∣2−y2−x∣\left| {{{2 - y} \over {2 - x}}} \right|​2−x2−y​​= 2(y −-− 1)
  4. D
    −-− loge ∣1−x+y1+x−y∣\left| {{{1 - x + y} \over {1 + x - y}}} \right|​1+x−y1−x+y​​= 2(x −-− 1)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Given differential equation

    dydx=(x−y)2\frac{dy}{dx}=(x-y)^2dxdy​=(x−y)2 with initial condition y(1)=1.y(1)=1.y(1)=1.

  2. Use a substitution

    Since the RHS contains x−yx-yx−y, let u=x−y.u=x-y.u=x−y. Then y=x−u.y=x-u.y=x−u. Differentiating w.r.t. xxx, dydx=1−dudx.\frac{dy}{dx}=1-\frac{du}{dx}.dxdy​=1−dxdu​.

    Substitute into the differential equation: 1−dudx=u2.1-\frac{du}{dx}=u^2.1−dxdu​=u2. So, dudx=1−u2.\frac{du}{dx}=1-u^2.dxdu​=1−u2.

  3. Separate variables

    du1−u2=dx.\frac{du}{1-u^2}=dx.1−u2du​=dx.

    Now, 11−u2=1(1−u)(1+u).\frac{1}{1-u^2}=\frac{1}{(1-u)(1+u)}.1−u21​=(1−u)(1+u)1​. Hence, ∫du1−u2=∫dx.\int \frac{du}{1-u^2}=\int dx.∫1−u2du​=∫dx.

    Using the standard integral, ∫du1−u2=12ln⁡∣1+u1−u∣.\int \frac{du}{1-u^2}=\frac{1}{2}\ln\left|\frac{1+u}{1-u}\right|.∫1−u2du​=21​ln​1−u1+u​​.

    Therefore, 12ln⁡∣1+u1−u∣=x+C.\frac{1}{2}\ln\left|\frac{1+u}{1-u}\right|=x+C.21​ln​1−u1+u​​=x+C.

    Multiply by 2: ln⁡∣1+u1−u∣=2x+C1.\ln\left|\frac{1+u}{1-u}\right|=2x+C_1.ln​1−u1+u​​=2x+C1​.

  4. Apply initial condition

    At x=1x=1x=1, y=1y=1y=1, so u=x−y=1−1=0.u=x-y=1-1=0.u=x−y=1−1=0.

    Substitute into the solution: ln⁡∣1+01−0∣=2(1)+C1\ln\left|\frac{1+0}{1-0}\right|=2(1)+C_1ln​1−01+0​​=2(1)+C1​ 0=2+C10=2+C_10=2+C1​ C1=−2.C_1=-2.C1​=−2.

    Thus, ln⁡∣1+u1−u∣=2x−2=2(x−1).\ln\left|\frac{1+u}{1-u}\right|=2x-2=2(x-1).ln​1−u1+u​​=2x−2=2(x−1).

  5. Replace u=x−yu=x-yu=x−y

    ln⁡∣1+x−y1−x+y∣=2(x−1).\ln\left|\frac{1+x-y}{1-x+y}\right|=2(x-1).ln​1−x+y1+x−y​​=2(x−1).

    This is equivalent to −ln⁡∣1−x+y1+x−y∣=2(x−1).-\ln\left|\frac{1-x+y}{1+x-y}\right|=2(x-1).−ln​1+x−y1−x+y​​=2(x−1).

  6. Compare with options

    Option D is −log⁡e∣1−x+y1+x−y∣=2(x−1),-\log_e\left|\frac{1-x+y}{1+x-y}\right|=2(x-1),−loge​​1+x−y1−x+y​​=2(x−1), which matches exactly.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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