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Definite Integration question

2020 · 2 Sep · Shift 2 · Q32
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Definite Integration question

2020 · 2 Sep · Shift 2 · Q32

JEE MainMathematicsDefinite IntegrationNumerical+4 / −1
Let [t] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to t. Then the value of ∫12∣2x−[3x]∣dx\int\limits_1^2 {\left| {2x - \left[ {3x} \right]} \right|dx}1∫2​∣2x−[3x]∣dx is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 1

  1. We need to evaluate I=∫12∣2x−[3x]∣ dx.I=\int_1^2 \left|2x-[3x]\right|\,dx.I=∫12​∣2x−[3x]∣dx.

  2. Since the floor function [3x][3x][3x] changes value when 3x3x3x crosses an integer, we split the interval [1,2][1,2][1,2] at points where 3x3x3x is an integer: x=1,  43,  53,  2.x=1,\;\frac43,\;\frac53,\;2.x=1,34​,35​,2.

So we consider:

  • 1≤x<431\le x<\frac431≤x<34​
  • 43≤x<53\frac43\le x<\frac5334​≤x<35​
  • 53≤x<2\frac53\le x<235​≤x<2
  • and the endpoint x=2x=2x=2 does not affect the integral.
  1. Find [3x][3x][3x] on each interval.
  • For 1≤x<431\le x<\frac431≤x<34​, we have 3≤3x<43\le 3x<43≤3x<4, so [3x]=3.[3x]=3.[3x]=3. Then ∣2x−[3x]∣=∣2x−3∣.|2x-[3x]|=|2x-3|.∣2x−[3x]∣=∣2x−3∣. Since 1≤x<431\le x<\frac431≤x<34​, we have 2≤2x<83<32\le 2x<\frac83<32≤2x<38​<3, so 2x−3<02x-3<02x−3<0. Thus ∣2x−3∣=3−2x.|2x-3|=3-2x.∣2x−3∣=3−2x.

  • For 43≤x<53\frac43\le x<\frac5334​≤x<35​, we have 4≤3x<54\le 3x<54≤3x<5, so [3x]=4.[3x]=4.[3x]=4. Then ∣2x−[3x]∣=∣2x−4∣.|2x-[3x]|=|2x-4|.∣2x−[3x]∣=∣2x−4∣. Here 83≤2x<103<4\frac83\le 2x<\frac{10}3<438​≤2x<310​<4, so 2x−4<02x-4<02x−4<0. Thus ∣2x−4∣=4−2x.|2x-4|=4-2x.∣2x−4∣=4−2x.

  • For 53≤x<2\frac53\le x<235​≤x<2, we have 5≤3x<65\le 3x<65≤3x<6, so [3x]=5.[3x]=5.[3x]=5. Then ∣2x−[3x]∣=∣2x−5∣.|2x-[3x]|=|2x-5|.∣2x−[3x]∣=∣2x−5∣. Here 103≤2x<4<5\frac{10}3\le 2x<4<5310​≤2x<4<5, so 2x−5<02x-5<02x−5<0. Thus ∣2x−5∣=5−2x.|2x-5|=5-2x.∣2x−5∣=5−2x.

Hence I=∫14/3(3−2x) dx+∫4/35/3(4−2x) dx+∫5/32(5−2x) dx.I=\int_1^{4/3}(3-2x)\,dx+\int_{4/3}^{5/3}(4-2x)\,dx+\int_{5/3}^{2}(5-2x)\,dx.I=∫14/3​(3−2x)dx+∫4/35/3​(4−2x)dx+∫5/32​(5−2x)dx.

  1. Evaluate each part.

First: ∫14/3(3−2x)dx=[3x−x2]14/3\int_1^{4/3}(3-2x)dx=[3x-x^2]_1^{4/3}∫14/3​(3−2x)dx=[3x−x2]14/3​ =(4−169)−(3−1)=209−2=29.=\left(4-\frac{16}{9}\right)-(3-1)=\frac{20}{9}-2=\frac{2}{9}.=(4−916​)−(3−1)=920​−2=92​.

Second: ∫4/35/3(4−2x)dx=[4x−x2]4/35/3\int_{4/3}^{5/3}(4-2x)dx=[4x-x^2]_{4/3}^{5/3}∫4/35/3​(4−2x)dx=[4x−x2]4/35/3​ =(203−259)−(163−169)=\left(\frac{20}{3}-\frac{25}{9}\right)-\left(\frac{16}{3}-\frac{16}{9}\right)=(320​−925​)−(316​−916​) =359−329=13.=\frac{35}{9}-\frac{32}{9}=\frac{1}{3}.=935​−932​=31​.

Third: ∫5/32(5−2x)dx=[5x−x2]5/32\int_{5/3}^{2}(5-2x)dx=[5x-x^2]_{5/3}^{2}∫5/32​(5−2x)dx=[5x−x2]5/32​ =(10−4)−(253−259)=(10-4)-\left(\frac{25}{3}-\frac{25}{9}\right)=(10−4)−(325​−925​) =6−509=49.=6-\frac{50}{9}=\frac{4}{9}.=6−950​=94​.

  1. Add them: I=29+13+49I=\frac{2}{9}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{4}{9}I=92​+31​+94​ =29+39+49=99=1.=\frac{2}{9}+\frac{3}{9}+\frac{4}{9}=\frac{9}{9}=1.=92​+93​+94​=99​=1.

Therefore, the value of the integral is 1.\boxed{1}.1​.

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