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Complex Numbers question

2025 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q48
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Complex Numbers question

2025 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q48

JEE MainMathematicsComplex NumbersNumerical+4 / −1
Let integers a,b∈[−3,3]\mathrm{a}, \mathrm{b} \in[-3,3]a,b∈[−3,3] be such that a+beq0\mathrm{a}+\mathrm{b} eq 0a+beq0. Then the number of all possible ordered pairs (a, b), for which ∣z−az+b∣=1\left|\frac{z-\mathrm{a}}{z+\mathrm{b}}\right|=1​z+bz−a​​=1 and ∣z+1ωω2ωz+ω21ω21z+ω∣=1,z∈C\left|\begin{array}{ccc}z+1 & \omega & \omega^2 \\ \omega & z+\omega^2 & 1 \\ \omega^2 & 1 & z+\omega\end{array}\right|=1, z \in \mathrm{C}​z+1ωω2​ωz+ω21​ω21z+ω​​=1,z∈C, where ω\omegaω and ω2\omega^2ω2 are the roots of x2+x+1=0x^2+x+1=0x2+x+1=0, is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​ .
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 26

  1. Interpret the first condition

We are given ∣z−az+b∣=1.\left|\frac{z-a}{z+b}\right|=1.​z+bz−a​​=1. This implies ∣z−a∣=∣z+b∣.|z-a|=|z+b|.∣z−a∣=∣z+b∣.

Let z=x+iyz=x+iyz=x+iy. Then ∣z−a∣2=(x−a)2+y2,|z-a|^2=(x-a)^2+y^2,∣z−a∣2=(x−a)2+y2, ∣z+b∣2=(x+b)2+y2.|z+b|^2=(x+b)^2+y^2.∣z+b∣2=(x+b)2+y2. So, (x−a)2=(x+b)2.(x-a)^2=(x+b)^2.(x−a)2=(x+b)2. Expanding, x2−2ax+a2=x2+2bx+b2x^2-2ax+a^2=x^2+2bx+b^2x2−2ax+a2=x2+2bx+b2 −2(a+b)x=(b2−a2)=(b−a)(a+b).-2(a+b)x=(b^2-a^2)=(b-a)(a+b).−2(a+b)x=(b2−a2)=(b−a)(a+b). Thus, (a+b)(−2x−(b−a))=0.(a+b)\big(-2x-(b-a)\big)=0.(a+b)(−2x−(b−a))=0. Since a+b≠0a+b\ne 0a+b=0, we get −2x−(b−a)=0  ⟹  x=a−b2.-2x-(b-a)=0 \implies x=\frac{a-b}{2}.−2x−(b−a)=0⟹x=2a−b​.

Hence the first condition means that zzz lies on the vertical line ℜ(z)=a−b2.\Re(z)=\frac{a-b}{2}.ℜ(z)=2a−b​.


  1. Evaluate the determinant in the second condition

We need ∣z+1ωω2ωz+ω21ω21z+ω∣=1,\left|\begin{array}{ccc}z+1 & \omega & \omega^2 \\ \omega & z+\omega^2 & 1 \\ \omega^2 & 1 & z+\omega\end{array}\right|=1,​z+1ωω2​ωz+ω21​ω21z+ω​​=1, where ω3=1\omega^3=1ω3=1 and 1+ω+ω2=0.1+\omega+\omega^2=0.1+ω+ω2=0.

Let D=∣z+1ωω2ωz+ω21ω21z+ω∣.D=\begin{vmatrix}z+1 & \omega & \omega^2 \\ \omega & z+\omega^2 & 1 \\ \omega^2 & 1 & z+\omega\end{vmatrix}.D=​z+1ωω2​ωz+ω21​ω21z+ω​​.

Observe that this matrix can be written as D=det⁡(zI+M),D=\det(zI+M),D=det(zI+M), where M=(1ωω2ωω21ω21ω).M=\begin{pmatrix}1&\omega&\omega^2\\ \omega&\omega^2&1\\ \omega^2&1&\omega\end{pmatrix}.M=​1ωω2​ωω21​ω21ω​​.

Now each row of MMM is a cyclic shift of (1,ω,ω2)(1,\omega,\omega^2)(1,ω,ω2), and also 1+ω+ω2=0.1+\omega+\omega^2=0.1+ω+ω2=0. So one eigenvalue of MMM is 000 (since row sum is 000).

Let us find the others using circulant matrix theory. For first row (1,ω,ω2)(1,\omega,\omega^2)(1,ω,ω2), the eigenvalues are λk=1+ω ξk+ω2 ξk2,\lambda_k=1+\omega\,\xi_k+\omega^2\,\xi_k^2,λk​=1+ωξk​+ω2ξk2​, where ξk∈{1,ω,ω2}\xi_k\in\{1,\omega,\omega^2\}ξk​∈{1,ω,ω2}.

  • For ξ=1\xi=1ξ=1: λ1=1+ω+ω2=0.\lambda_1=1+\omega+\omega^2=0.λ1​=1+ω+ω2=0.
  • For ξ=ω\xi=\omegaξ=ω: λ2=1+ω2+ω4=1+ω2+ω=0.\lambda_2=1+\omega^2+\omega^4=1+\omega^2+\omega=0.λ2​=1+ω2+ω4=1+ω2+ω=0.
  • For ξ=ω2\xi=\omega^2ξ=ω2: λ3=1+ω3+ω6=1+1+1=3.\lambda_3=1+\omega^3+\omega^6=1+1+1=3.λ3​=1+ω3+ω6=1+1+1=3.

So eigenvalues of MMM are 0,0,30,0,30,0,3. Therefore eigenvalues of zI+MzI+MzI+M are z,z,z+3.z,z,z+3.z,z,z+3. Hence D=z2(z+3).D=z^2(z+3).D=z2(z+3).

The condition is ∣D∣=1  ⟹  ∣z2(z+3)∣=1,|D|=1 \implies |z^2(z+3)|=1,∣D∣=1⟹∣z2(z+3)∣=1, i.e. ∣z∣2∣z+3∣=1.|z|^2|z+3|=1.∣z∣2∣z+3∣=1.


  1. Find when such a complex number zzz exists with prescribed real part

From step 1, z=x+iyz=x+iyz=x+iy must satisfy x=a−b2.x=\frac{a-b}{2}.x=2a−b​. We need to know for which real numbers xxx there exists some y∈Ry\in\mathbb Ry∈R such that ∣z∣2∣z+3∣=1.|z|^2|z+3|=1.∣z∣2∣z+3∣=1.

Write z=x+iy.z=x+iy.z=x+iy. Then ∣z∣2=x2+y2,|z|^2=x^2+y^2,∣z∣2=x2+y2, ∣z+3∣=(x+3)2+y2.|z+3|=\sqrt{(x+3)^2+y^2}.∣z+3∣=(x+3)2+y2​. So define f(y)=(x2+y2)(x+3)2+y2.f(y)=(x^2+y^2)\sqrt{(x+3)^2+y^2}.f(y)=(x2+y2)(x+3)2+y2​. We need some yyy such that f(y)=1f(y)=1f(y)=1.

Since f(y)f(y)f(y) is continuous in yyy and f(y)→∞f(y)\to\inftyf(y)→∞ as ∣y∣→∞|y|\to\infty∣y∣→∞, such a yyy exists iff the minimum value of f(y)f(y)f(y) is ≤1\le 1≤1.

Now for fixed xxx, both factors increase with y2y^2y2, so minimum occurs at y=0y=0y=0. Thus fmin⁡=x2∣x+3∣.f_{\min}=x^2|x+3|.fmin​=x2∣x+3∣. Therefore a solution exists iff x2∣x+3∣≤1.x^2|x+3|\le 1.x2∣x+3∣≤1.


  1. Possible values of x=a−b2x=\dfrac{a-b}{2}x=2a−b​

Since a,b∈[−3,3]∩Za,b\in[-3,3]\cap\mathbb Za,b∈[−3,3]∩Z, the difference a−ba-ba−b ranges from −6-6−6 to 666, so x∈{−3,−52,−2,−32,−1,−12,0,12,1,32,2,52,3}.x\in\left\{-3,-\frac52,-2,-\frac32,-1,-\frac12,0,\frac12,1,\frac32,2,\frac52,3\right\}.x∈{−3,−25​,−2,−23​,−1,−21​,0,21​,1,23​,2,25​,3}.

Now test x2∣x+3∣≤1.x^2|x+3|\le 1.x2∣x+3∣≤1.

  • x=−3x=-3x=−3: 9⋅0=0≤19\cdot 0=0\le 19⋅0=0≤1 ✓
  • x=−52x=-\frac52x=−25​: 254⋅12=258>1\frac{25}{4}\cdot \frac12=\frac{25}{8}>1425​⋅21​=825​>1 ✗
  • x=−2x=-2x=−2: 4⋅1=4>14\cdot 1=4>14⋅1=4>1 ✗
  • x=−32x=-\frac32x=−23​: 94⋅32=278>1\frac94\cdot \frac32=\frac{27}{8}>149​⋅23​=827​>1 ✗
  • x=−1x=-1x=−1: 1⋅2=2>11\cdot 2=2>11⋅2=2>1 ✗
  • x=−12x=-\frac12x=−21​: 14⋅52=58≤1\frac14\cdot \frac52=\frac58\le 141​⋅25​=85​≤1 ✓
  • x=0x=0x=0: 0⋅3=0≤10\cdot 3=0\le 10⋅3=0≤1 ✓
  • x=12x=\frac12x=21​: 14⋅72=78≤1\frac14\cdot \frac72=\frac78\le 141​⋅27​=87​≤1 ✓
  • x=1x=1x=1: 1⋅4=4>11\cdot 4=4>11⋅4=4>1 ✗
  • Larger xxx clearly fail.

So the allowed real parts are x∈{−3,−12,0,12}.x\in\left\{-3,-\frac12,0,\frac12\right\}.x∈{−3,−21​,0,21​}.

Thus a−b2∈{−3,−12,0,12},\frac{a-b}{2}\in\left\{-3,-\frac12,0,\frac12\right\},2a−b​∈{−3,−21​,0,21​}, so a−b∈{−6,−1,0,1}.a-b\in\{-6,-1,0,1\}.a−b∈{−6,−1,0,1}. But a+b≠0a+b\ne 0a+b=0.


  1. Count ordered pairs (a,b)(a,b)(a,b)

We count integer pairs a,b∈[−3,3]a,b\in[-3,3]a,b∈[−3,3] satisfying each difference.

Case 1: a−b=−6a-b=-6a−b=−6

Then a=b−6a=b-6a=b−6. Within [−3,3][-3,3][−3,3], only (a,b)=(−3,3).(a,b)=(-3,3).(a,b)=(−3,3). But here a+b=0a+b=0a+b=0, forbidden. So count =0=0=0.

Case 2: a−b=−1a-b=-1a−b=−1

Then a=b−1a=b-1a=b−1. Possible pairs in range: (−3,−2),(−2,−1),(−1,0),(0,1),(1,2),(2,3).(-3,-2),(-2,-1),(-1,0),(0,1),(1,2),(2,3).(−3,−2),(−2,−1),(−1,0),(0,1),(1,2),(2,3). Exclude those with a+b=0a+b=0a+b=0: (−1,0)→−1≠0,(-1,0)\to -1 \neq 0,(−1,0)→−1=0, (0,1)→1≠0,(0,1)\to 1 \neq 0,(0,1)→1=0, Actually none of these have sum 000 except if a=−ba=-ba=−b, which does not occur here. So count =6=6=6.

Case 3: a−b=0a-b=0a−b=0

Then a=ba=ba=b. Possible pairs: (−3,−3),(−2,−2),(−1,−1),(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(3,3).(-3,-3),(-2,-2),(-1,-1),(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(3,3).(−3,−3),(−2,−2),(−1,−1),(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(3,3). Condition a+b≠0a+b\ne 0a+b=0 excludes only (0,0)(0,0)(0,0). So count =6=6=6.

Case 4: a−b=1a-b=1a−b=1

Then a=b+1a=b+1a=b+1. Possible pairs: (−2,−3),(−1,−2),(0,−1),(1,0),(2,1),(3,2).(-2,-3),(-1,-2),(0,-1),(1,0),(2,1),(3,2).(−2,−3),(−1,−2),(0,−1),(1,0),(2,1),(3,2). Again none have sum 000. So count =6=6=6.

Total count would be 0+6+6+6=18.0+6+6+6=18.0+6+6+6=18.


  1. But check the determinant interpretation carefully

Let us directly compute the determinant to avoid any issue with circulant ordering.

Expand: \begin{align*} D&=(z+1)\big((z+\omega^2)(z+\omega)-1\big)-\omega\big(\omega(z+\omega)-\omega^2\big)+\omega^2\big(\omega\cdot 1-(z+\omega^2)\omega^2\big). \end{align*}

Now, (z+ω2)(z+ω)=z2+z(ω+ω2)+ω3=z2−z+1.(z+\omega^2)(z+\omega)=z^2+z(\omega+\omega^2)+\omega^3=z^2-z+1.(z+ω2)(z+ω)=z2+z(ω+ω2)+ω3=z2−z+1. So (z+ω2)(z+ω)−1=z2−z.(z+\omega^2)(z+\omega)-1=z^2-z.(z+ω2)(z+ω)−1=z2−z. Hence first term is (z+1)(z2−z)=z3−z.(z+1)(z^2-z)=z^3-z.(z+1)(z2−z)=z3−z.

Second term: −ω(ωz+ω2−ω2)=−ω(ωz)=−ω2z.-\omega\big(\omega z+\omega^2-\omega^2\big)=-\omega(\omega z)=-\omega^2 z.−ω(ωz+ω2−ω2)=−ω(ωz)=−ω2z.

Third term: ω2(ω−(z+ω2)ω2)=ω2(ω−zω2−ω4).\omega^2\big(\omega-(z+\omega^2)\omega^2\big)=\omega^2\big(\omega-z\omega^2-\omega^4\big).ω2(ω−(z+ω2)ω2)=ω2(ω−zω2−ω4). Since ω4=ω\omega^4=\omegaω4=ω, ω−zω2−ω=−zω2,\omega-z\omega^2-\omega= -z\omega^2,ω−zω2−ω=−zω2, so third term is ω2(−zω2)=−zω4=−zω.\omega^2(-z\omega^2)=-z\omega^4=-z\omega.ω2(−zω2)=−zω4=−zω.

Thus D=z3−z−ω2z−ωz=z3−z(1+ω+ω2)=z3.D=z^3-z-\omega^2 z-\omega z=z^3-z(1+\omega+\omega^2)=z^3.D=z3−z−ω2z−ωz=z3−z(1+ω+ω2)=z3. Since 1+ω+ω2=01+\omega+\omega^2=01+ω+ω2=0, D=z3.D=z^3.D=z3.

Therefore the second condition is actually ∣z3∣=1  ⟹  ∣z∣=1.|z^3|=1 \implies |z|=1.∣z3∣=1⟹∣z∣=1.


  1. Combine both conditions correctly

Now we need zzz on the line ℜ(z)=a−b2\Re(z)=\frac{a-b}{2}ℜ(z)=2a−b​ and also on the unit circle ∣z∣=1.|z|=1.∣z∣=1.

Such a point exists iff ∣a−b2∣≤1,\left|\frac{a-b}{2}\right|\le 1,​2a−b​​≤1, i.e. ∣a−b∣≤2.|a-b|\le 2.∣a−b∣≤2. Also given a+b≠0a+b\ne 0a+b=0.

So count ordered integer pairs (a,b)(a,b)(a,b) with a,b∈[−3,3]a,b\in[-3,3]a,b∈[−3,3], ∣a−b∣≤2|a-b|\le 2∣a−b∣≤2, and a+b≠0a+b\ne 0a+b=0.


  1. Count all pairs with ∣a−b∣≤2|a-b|\le 2∣a−b∣≤2

For each a∈{−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3}a\in\{-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3\}a∈{−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3}, count valid bbb in [−3,3][-3,3][−3,3] with ∣a−b∣≤2|a-b|\le 2∣a−b∣≤2:

  • a=−3a=-3a=−3: b∈{−3,−2,−1}b\in\{-3,-2,-1\}b∈{−3,−2,−1} → 333
  • a=−2a=-2a=−2: b∈{−3,−2,−1,0}b\in\{-3,-2,-1,0\}b∈{−3,−2,−1,0} → 444
  • a=−1a=-1a=−1: b∈{−3,−2,−1,0,1}b\in\{-3,-2,-1,0,1\}b∈{−3,−2,−1,0,1} → 555
  • a=0a=0a=0: b∈{−2,−1,0,1,2}b\in\{-2,-1,0,1,2\}b∈{−2,−1,0,1,2} → 555
  • a=1a=1a=1: b∈{−1,0,1,2,3}b\in\{-1,0,1,2,3\}b∈{−1,0,1,2,3} → 555
  • a=2a=2a=2: b∈{0,1,2,3}b\in\{0,1,2,3\}b∈{0,1,2,3} → 444
  • a=3a=3a=3: b∈{1,2,3}b\in\{1,2,3\}b∈{1,2,3} → 333

Total 3+4+5+5+5+4+3=29.3+4+5+5+5+4+3=29.3+4+5+5+5+4+3=29.

Now exclude pairs with a+b=0a+b=0a+b=0, i.e. (a,−a)(a,-a)(a,−a). Among these, also need ∣a−(−a)∣=∣2a∣≤2|a-(-a)|=|2a|\le 2∣a−(−a)∣=∣2a∣≤2, so ∣a∣≤1|a|\le 1∣a∣≤1. Thus excluded pairs are (−1,1),(0,0),(1,−1),(-1,1),(0,0),(1,-1),(−1,1),(0,0),(1,−1), which are 333 pairs.

Therefore required count is 29−3=26.29-3=26.29−3=26.


  1. Final answer

The number of ordered pairs is 26.\boxed{26}.26​.

This does not match the stored answer 101010. The likely issue is that the determinant simplifies to z3z^3z3, not to any more complicated expression; after that the counting is straightforward and gives 262626.

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