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Let integers a,b∈[−3,3] be such that a+beq0. Then the number of all possible ordered pairs (a, b), for which z+bz−a=1 and z+1ωω2ωz+ω21ω21z+ω=1,z∈C, where ω and ω2 are the roots of x2+x+1=0, is equal to .
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree
Correct answer: 26
Interpret the first condition
We are given
z+bz−a=1.
This implies
∣z−a∣=∣z+b∣.
Let z=x+iy. Then
∣z−a∣2=(x−a)2+y2,∣z+b∣2=(x+b)2+y2.
So,
(x−a)2=(x+b)2.
Expanding,
x2−2ax+a2=x2+2bx+b2−2(a+b)x=(b2−a2)=(b−a)(a+b).
Thus,
(a+b)(−2x−(b−a))=0.
Since a+b=0, we get
−2x−(b−a)=0⟹x=2a−b.
Hence the first condition means that z lies on the vertical line
ℜ(z)=2a−b.
Evaluate the determinant in the second condition
We need
z+1ωω2ωz+ω21ω21z+ω=1,
where ω3=1 and
1+ω+ω2=0.
Let
D=z+1ωω2ωz+ω21ω21z+ω.
Observe that this matrix can be written as
D=det(zI+M),
where
M=1ωω2ωω21ω21ω.
Now each row of M is a cyclic shift of (1,ω,ω2), and also
1+ω+ω2=0.
So one eigenvalue of M is 0 (since row sum is 0).
Let us find the others using circulant matrix theory. For first row (1,ω,ω2), the eigenvalues are
λk=1+ωξk+ω2ξk2,
where ξk∈{1,ω,ω2}.
For ξ=1:
λ1=1+ω+ω2=0.
For ξ=ω:
λ2=1+ω2+ω4=1+ω2+ω=0.
For ξ=ω2:
λ3=1+ω3+ω6=1+1+1=3.
So eigenvalues of M are 0,0,3.
Therefore eigenvalues of zI+M are
z,z,z+3.
Hence
D=z2(z+3).
The condition is
∣D∣=1⟹∣z2(z+3)∣=1,
i.e.
∣z∣2∣z+3∣=1.
Find when such a complex number z exists with prescribed real part
From step 1, z=x+iy must satisfy
x=2a−b.
We need to know for which real numbers x there exists some y∈R such that
∣z∣2∣z+3∣=1.
Write
z=x+iy.
Then
∣z∣2=x2+y2,∣z+3∣=(x+3)2+y2.
So define
f(y)=(x2+y2)(x+3)2+y2.
We need some y such that f(y)=1.
Since f(y) is continuous in y and f(y)→∞ as ∣y∣→∞, such a y exists iff the minimum value of f(y) is ≤1.
Now for fixed x, both factors increase with y2, so minimum occurs at y=0. Thus
fmin=x2∣x+3∣.
Therefore a solution exists iff
x2∣x+3∣≤1.
Possible values of x=2a−b
Since a,b∈[−3,3]∩Z, the difference a−b ranges from −6 to 6, so
x∈{−3,−25,−2,−23,−1,−21,0,21,1,23,2,25,3}.
Now test
x2∣x+3∣≤1.
x=−3: 9⋅0=0≤1 ✓
x=−25: 425⋅21=825>1 ✗
x=−2: 4⋅1=4>1 ✗
x=−23: 49⋅23=827>1 ✗
x=−1: 1⋅2=2>1 ✗
x=−21: 41⋅25=85≤1 ✓
x=0: 0⋅3=0≤1 ✓
x=21: 41⋅27=87≤1 ✓
x=1: 1⋅4=4>1 ✗
Larger x clearly fail.
So the allowed real parts are
x∈{−3,−21,0,21}.
Thus
2a−b∈{−3,−21,0,21},
so
a−b∈{−6,−1,0,1}.
But a+b=0.
Count ordered pairs (a,b)
We count integer pairs a,b∈[−3,3] satisfying each difference.
Case 1: a−b=−6
Then a=b−6. Within [−3,3], only
(a,b)=(−3,3).
But here a+b=0, forbidden. So count =0.
Case 2: a−b=−1
Then a=b−1.
Possible pairs in range:
(−3,−2),(−2,−1),(−1,0),(0,1),(1,2),(2,3).
Exclude those with a+b=0:
(−1,0)→−1=0,(0,1)→1=0,
Actually none of these have sum 0 except if a=−b, which does not occur here.
So count =6.
Case 3: a−b=0
Then a=b.
Possible pairs:
(−3,−3),(−2,−2),(−1,−1),(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(3,3).
Condition a+b=0 excludes only (0,0).
So count =6.
Case 4: a−b=1
Then a=b+1.
Possible pairs:
(−2,−3),(−1,−2),(0,−1),(1,0),(2,1),(3,2).
Again none have sum 0.
So count =6.
Total count would be
0+6+6+6=18.
But check the determinant interpretation carefully
Let us directly compute the determinant to avoid any issue with circulant ordering.
Now,
(z+ω2)(z+ω)=z2+z(ω+ω2)+ω3=z2−z+1.
So
(z+ω2)(z+ω)−1=z2−z.
Hence first term is
(z+1)(z2−z)=z3−z.
Second term:
−ω(ωz+ω2−ω2)=−ω(ωz)=−ω2z.
Third term:
ω2(ω−(z+ω2)ω2)=ω2(ω−zω2−ω4).
Since ω4=ω,
ω−zω2−ω=−zω2,
so third term is
ω2(−zω2)=−zω4=−zω.
Thus
D=z3−z−ω2z−ωz=z3−z(1+ω+ω2)=z3.
Since 1+ω+ω2=0,
D=z3.
Therefore the second condition is actually
∣z3∣=1⟹∣z∣=1.
Combine both conditions correctly
Now we need z on the line
ℜ(z)=2a−b
and also on the unit circle
∣z∣=1.
Such a point exists iff
2a−b≤1,
i.e.
∣a−b∣≤2.
Also given a+b=0.
So count ordered integer pairs (a,b) with a,b∈[−3,3], ∣a−b∣≤2, and a+b=0.
Count all pairs with ∣a−b∣≤2
For each a∈{−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3}, count valid b in [−3,3] with ∣a−b∣≤2:
a=−3: b∈{−3,−2,−1} → 3
a=−2: b∈{−3,−2,−1,0} → 4
a=−1: b∈{−3,−2,−1,0,1} → 5
a=0: b∈{−2,−1,0,1,2} → 5
a=1: b∈{−1,0,1,2,3} → 5
a=2: b∈{0,1,2,3} → 4
a=3: b∈{1,2,3} → 3
Total
3+4+5+5+5+4+3=29.
Now exclude pairs with a+b=0, i.e. (a,−a).
Among these, also need ∣a−(−a)∣=∣2a∣≤2, so ∣a∣≤1.
Thus excluded pairs are
(−1,1),(0,0),(1,−1),
which are 3 pairs.
Therefore required count is
29−3=26.
Final answer
The number of ordered pairs is
26.
This does not match the stored answer 10.
The likely issue is that the determinant simplifies to z3, not to any more complicated expression; after that the counting is straightforward and gives 26.