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Complex Numbers question

2024 · 4 Apr · Shift 2 · Q45
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Complex Numbers question

2024 · 4 Apr · Shift 2 · Q45

JEE MainMathematicsComplex NumbersMCQ+4 / −1
The area (in sq. units) of the region S={z∈C:∣z−1∣≤2;(z+zˉ)+i(z−zˉ)≤2,lm⁡(z)≥0}S=\{z \in \mathbb{C}:|z-1| \leq 2 ;(z+\bar{z})+i(z-\bar{z}) \leq 2, \operatorname{lm}(z) \geq 0\}S={z∈C:∣z−1∣≤2;(z+zˉ)+i(z−zˉ)≤2,lm(z)≥0} is
  1. A
    7π4\frac{7 \pi}{4}47π​
  2. B
    3π2\frac{3 \pi}{2}23π​
  3. C
    7π3\frac{7 \pi}{3}37π​
  4. D
    17π8\frac{17 \pi}{8}817π​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Let z=x+iyz=x+iyz=x+iy with x,y∈Rx,y\in\mathbb{R}x,y∈R.

    Then zˉ=x−iy\bar z=x-iyzˉ=x−iy.

  2. Convert each condition into Cartesian form.

    (i) Circle condition

    ∣z−1∣≤2|z-1|\le 2∣z−1∣≤2 means ∣(x−1)+iy∣≤2  ⟹  (x−1)2+y2≤4.|(x-1)+iy|\le 2 \implies (x-1)^2+y^2\le 4.∣(x−1)+iy∣≤2⟹(x−1)2+y2≤4.

    So this is the disk centered at (1,0)(1,0)(1,0) with radius 222.

    (ii) Linear condition

    We compute: z+zˉ=(x+iy)+(x−iy)=2x,z+\bar z=(x+iy)+(x-iy)=2x,z+zˉ=(x+iy)+(x−iy)=2x, and i(z−zˉ)=i[(x+iy)−(x−iy)]=i(2iy)=−2y.i(z-\bar z)=i[(x+iy)-(x-iy)]=i(2iy)=-2y.i(z−zˉ)=i[(x+iy)−(x−iy)]=i(2iy)=−2y.

    Therefore (z+zˉ)+i(z−zˉ)=2x−2y.(z+\bar z)+i(z-\bar z)=2x-2y.(z+zˉ)+i(z−zˉ)=2x−2y.

    Given 2x−2y≤2  ⟹  x−y≤1  ⟹  y≥x−1.2x-2y\le 2 \implies x-y\le 1 \implies y\ge x-1.2x−2y≤2⟹x−y≤1⟹y≥x−1.

    (iii) Imaginary part condition

    Im⁡(z)≥0  ⟹  y≥0.\operatorname{Im}(z)\ge 0 \implies y\ge 0.Im(z)≥0⟹y≥0.

  3. Describe the required region.

    We need the part of the disk (x−1)2+y2≤4(x-1)^2+y^2\le 4(x−1)2+y2≤4 satisfying both y≥0andy≥x−1.y\ge 0 \quad \text{and} \quad y\ge x-1.y≥0andy≥x−1.

    So inside the circle, we want the region lying above the xxx-axis and above the line y=x−1y=x-1y=x−1.

  4. Understand the geometry of the line relative to the circle.

    The circle has center (1,0)(1,0)(1,0) and radius 222.

    The line is y=x−1  ⟺  x−y−1=0.y=x-1 \iff x-y-1=0.y=x−1⟺x−y−1=0.

    Distance from center (1,0)(1,0)(1,0) to this line is ∣1−0−1∣12+(−1)2=0.\frac{|1-0-1|}{\sqrt{1^2+(-1)^2}}=0.12+(−1)2​∣1−0−1∣​=0.

    Hence the line passes through the center of the circle. Therefore, inside the circle it cuts the disk into two equal halves.

    So:

    • area of the full disk =π(2)2=4π=\pi(2)^2=4\pi=π(2)2=4π,
    • area of the part of the disk with y≥x−1y\ge x-1y≥x−1 =2π=2\pi=2π.
  5. Now impose also y≥0y\ge 0y≥0.

    The upper semicircle of the given disk has area 12⋅4π=2π.\frac{1}{2}\cdot 4\pi=2\pi.21​⋅4π=2π.

    We need the intersection of:

    • upper semicircle y≥0y\ge 0y≥0,
    • half-disk y≥x−1y\ge x-1y≥x−1.

    Equivalently, from the upper semicircle, remove the portion where y≥0buty<x−1.y\ge 0 \quad \text{but} \quad y<x-1.y≥0buty<x−1.

    Inside the disk, the line y=x−1y=x-1y=x−1 meets the circle at endpoints of a diameter. Since the center is on the xxx-axis, in the upper semicircle this line cuts off a sector of angle π2\frac{\pi}{2}2π​ between radii toward the intersection points:

    • rightmost point of circle: (3,0)(3,0)(3,0),
    • upper-left intersection with the line: solving with center-angle gives point (1−2,−2)?(1-\sqrt2, -\sqrt2)?(1−2​,−2​)? Better to use direction of the line.

    A cleaner way: translate center to origin by setting X=x−1,Y=y.X=x-1,\quad Y=y.X=x−1,Y=y. Then circle becomes X2+Y2≤4,X^2+Y^2\le 4,X2+Y2≤4, and inequalities become Y≥0,Y≥X.Y\ge 0,\qquad Y\ge X.Y≥0,Y≥X.

    In polar coordinates about the center,

\le 2.$$

Then Y≥0  ⟹  sin⁡θ≥0  ⟹  0≤θ≤π,Y\ge 0 \implies \sin\theta\ge 0 \implies 0\le \theta\le \pi,Y≥0⟹sinθ≥0⟹0≤θ≤π, and Y≥X  ⟹  sin⁡θ≥cos⁡θ  ⟹  sin⁡θ−cos⁡θ≥0.Y\ge X \implies \sin\theta\ge \cos\theta \implies \sin\theta-\cos\theta\ge 0.Y≥X⟹sinθ≥cosθ⟹sinθ−cosθ≥0.

This gives 2sin⁡(θ−π4)≥0,\sqrt2\sin\left(\theta-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\ge 0,2​sin(θ−4π​)≥0, so within [0,π][0,\pi][0,π] we get π4≤θ≤π.\frac{\pi}{4}\le \theta\le \pi.4π​≤θ≤π.

Hence the required region is a sector of radius 222 and angle π−π4=3π4.\pi-\frac{\pi}{4}=\frac{3\pi}{4}.π−4π​=43π​.

  1. Compute the area.

    Area of sector: 12r2θ=12⋅4⋅3π4=3π2.\frac{1}{2}r^2\theta=\frac{1}{2}\cdot 4\cdot \frac{3\pi}{4}=\frac{3\pi}{2}.21​r2θ=21​⋅4⋅43π​=23π​.

  2. Check options.

    3π2\frac{3\pi}{2}23π​ matches Option B.


Final Answer: 3π2\boxed{\frac{3\pi}{2}}23π​​

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