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Complex Numbers question

2024 · 5 Apr · Shift 2 · Q35
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  5. /2024 · 5 Apr · Shift 2 · Q35

Complex Numbers question

2024 · 5 Apr · Shift 2 · Q35

JEE MainMathematicsComplex NumbersMCQ+4 / −1
Let S1={z∈C:∣z∣≤5},S2={z∈C:Im⁡(z+1−3i1−3i)≥0}S_1=\{z \in \mathbf{C}:|z| \leq 5\}, S_2=\left\{z \in \mathbf{C}: \operatorname{Im}\left(\frac{z+1-\sqrt{3} i}{1-\sqrt{3} i}\right) \geq 0\right\}S1​={z∈C:∣z∣≤5},S2​={z∈C:Im(1−3​iz+1−3​i​)≥0} and S3={z∈C:Re⁡(z)≥0}S_3=\{z \in \mathbf{C}: \operatorname{Re}(z) \geq 0\}S3​={z∈C:Re(z)≥0}. Then the area of the region S1∩S2∩S3S_1 \cap S_2 \cap S_3S1​∩S2​∩S3​ is :
  1. A
    125π24\frac{125 \pi}{24}24125π​
  2. B
    125π6\frac{125 \pi}{6}6125π​
  3. C
    125π12\frac{125 \pi}{12}12125π​
  4. D
    125π4\frac{125 \pi}{4}4125π​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Interpret each set geometrically

    We have S1={z∈C:∣z∣≤5}S_1=\{z\in\mathbb C:|z|\le 5\}S1​={z∈C:∣z∣≤5} which is the closed disc of radius 555 centered at the origin.

    Also, S3={z∈C:Re⁡(z)≥0}S_3=\{z\in\mathbb C:\operatorname{Re}(z)\ge 0\}S3​={z∈C:Re(z)≥0} is the right half-plane.

    The main work is to simplify S2S_2S2​.

  2. Simplify the condition for S2S_2S2​

    Let z=x+iy.z=x+iy.z=x+iy. Then S2={z:Im⁡(z+1−3i1−3i)≥0}.S_2=\left\{z:\operatorname{Im}\left(\frac{z+1-\sqrt3 i}{1-\sqrt3 i}\right)\ge 0\right\}.S2​={z:Im(1−3​iz+1−3​i​)≥0}.

    First write z+1−3i=(x+1)+i(y−3).z+1-\sqrt3 i=(x+1)+i(y-\sqrt3).z+1−3​i=(x+1)+i(y−3​).

    So we need the imaginary part of (x+1)+i(y−3)1−3i.\frac{(x+1)+i(y-\sqrt3)}{1-\sqrt3 i}.1−3​i(x+1)+i(y−3​)​.

    Multiply numerator and denominator by the conjugate 1+3i1+\sqrt3 i1+3​i:

    =\frac{\big((x+1)+i(y-\sqrt3)\big)(1+\sqrt3 i)}{1+3}.$$ Since denominator $=4>0$, only numerator matters for sign of imaginary part. Now use $$(a+ib)(c+id)=(ac-bd)+i(ad+bc).$$ Here $$a=x+1,\quad b=y-\sqrt3,\quad c=1,\quad d=\sqrt3.$$ Hence imaginary part of numerator is $$a d+b c=(x+1)\sqrt3+(y-\sqrt3)=\sqrt3 x+y.$$ Therefore, $$\operatorname{Im}\left(\frac{z+1-\sqrt3 i}{1-\sqrt3 i}\right)=\frac{\sqrt3 x+y}{4}.$$ So the condition becomes $$\sqrt3 x+y\ge 0$$ i.e. $$y\ge -\sqrt3 x.$$ Thus, $$S_2=\{(x,y): y\ge -\sqrt3 x\},$$ a half-plane bounded by the line $$y=-\sqrt3 x.$$
  3. Find the intersection S2∩S3S_2\cap S_3S2​∩S3​ in angular form

    From S3S_3S3​, we have x≥0,x\ge 0,x≥0, so we are in the right half-plane, corresponding to angles −π2≤θ≤π2.-\frac\pi2\le \theta\le \frac\pi2.−2π​≤θ≤2π​.

    From S2S_2S2​, the region is above the line y=−3xy=-\sqrt3 xy=−3​x. For x≥0x\ge 0x≥0, this means tan⁡θ≥−3,\tan\theta\ge -\sqrt3,tanθ≥−3​, so θ≥−π3.\theta\ge -\frac\pi3.θ≥−3π​.

    Therefore, inside the disc, the allowed angular region is −π3≤θ≤π2.-\frac\pi3\le \theta\le \frac\pi2.−3π​≤θ≤2π​.

    The angular width is π2−(−π3)=5π6.\frac\pi2-\left(-\frac\pi3\right)=\frac{5\pi}{6}.2π​−(−3π​)=65π​.

  4. Compute the area inside the circle

    Since S1S_1S1​ is the disc r≤5r\le 5r≤5, the required region is a sector of radius 555 and angle 5π6\frac{5\pi}{6}65π​.

    Area of a sector is 12r2θ.\frac12 r^2\theta.21​r2θ.

    Hence area

    =\frac{125\pi}{12}.$$
  5. Match with options

    125π12\boxed{\frac{125\pi}{12}}12125π​​

    This is Option C.

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