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3D Geometry question

2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 2 · Q28
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3D Geometry question

2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 2 · Q28

JEE MainMathematics3D GeometryMCQ+4 / −1
Each of the angles β\betaβ and γ\gammaγ that a given line makes with the positive yyy- and zzz-axes, respectively, is half of the angle that this line makes with the positive xxx-axes. Then the sum of all possible values of the angle β\betaβ is
  1. A
    π2\frac{\pi}{2}2π​
  2. B
    π\piπ
  3. C
    3π4\frac{3 \pi}{4}43π​
  4. D
    3π2\frac{3 \pi}{2}23π​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D: \(\FRAC{3\PI}{2}\)

  1. Let the angles that the line makes with the positive coordinate axes be α,β,γ\alpha,\beta,\gammaα,β,γ with the positive x,y,zx,y,zx,y,z-axes respectively.

    Given: β=α2,γ=α2\beta=\frac{\alpha}{2},\qquad \gamma=\frac{\alpha}{2}β=2α​,γ=2α​ Hence, α=2β,γ=β\alpha=2\beta,\qquad \gamma=\betaα=2β,γ=β

  2. For direction angles of a line in 3D, the direction cosines satisfy cos⁡2α+cos⁡2β+cos⁡2γ=1.\cos^2\alpha+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\gamma=1.cos2α+cos2β+cos2γ=1.

    Substituting α=2β\alpha=2\betaα=2β and γ=β\gamma=\betaγ=β: cos⁡2(2β)+cos⁡2β+cos⁡2β=1\cos^2(2\beta)+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\beta=1cos2(2β)+cos2β+cos2β=1 cos⁡2(2β)+2cos⁡2β=1.\cos^2(2\beta)+2\cos^2\beta=1.cos2(2β)+2cos2β=1.

  3. Put x=cos⁡2βx=\cos^2\betax=cos2β. Then cos⁡2β=2cos⁡2β−1=2x−1,\cos 2\beta=2\cos^2\beta-1=2x-1,cos2β=2cos2β−1=2x−1, so cos⁡22β=(2x−1)2.\cos^2 2\beta=(2x-1)^2.cos22β=(2x−1)2.

    Therefore, (2x−1)2+2x=1(2x-1)^2+2x=1(2x−1)2+2x=1 4x2−4x+1+2x=14x^2-4x+1+2x=14x2−4x+1+2x=1 4x2−2x=04x^2-2x=04x2−2x=0 2x(2x−1)=0.2x(2x-1)=0.2x(2x−1)=0.

    So, x=0orx=12.x=0 \quad \text{or} \quad x=\frac12.x=0orx=21​.

    That is, cos⁡2β=0orcos⁡2β=12.\cos^2\beta=0 \quad \text{or} \quad \cos^2\beta=\frac12.cos2β=0orcos2β=21​.

  4. Now find all possible values of β\betaβ in the range [0,π][0,\pi][0,π] (direction angles lie in this interval):

    • If cos⁡2β=0\cos^2\beta=0cos2β=0, then cos⁡β=0  ⟹  β=π2.\cos\beta=0 \implies \beta=\frac{\pi}{2}.cosβ=0⟹β=2π​.

    • If cos⁡2β=12\cos^2\beta=\frac12cos2β=21​, then cos⁡β=±12  ⟹  β=π4,3π4.\cos\beta=\pm \frac{1}{\sqrt2} \implies \beta=\frac{\pi}{4},\frac{3\pi}{4}.cosβ=±2​1​⟹β=4π​,43π​.

    Hence all possible values are β=π4,π2,3π4.\beta=\frac{\pi}{4},\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{3\pi}{4}.β=4π​,2π​,43π​.

  5. Their sum is

    =\frac{\pi+2\pi+3\pi}{4}=\frac{6\pi}{4}=\frac{3\pi}{2}. $$
  6. Checking options:

    • A: π2\frac{\pi}{2}2π​ — incorrect
    • B: π\piπ — incorrect
    • C: 3π4\frac{3\pi}{4}43π​ — incorrect
    • D: 3π2\frac{3\pi}{2}23π​ — correct

Therefore, the correct answer is Option D.

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