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Thermodynamics question

2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q21
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Thermodynamics question

2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q21

JEE MainChemistryThermodynamicsNumerical+4 / −1
For the reaction at 298 K,2 A+B→C,ΔH=400 kJ mol−1298 \mathrm{~K}, 2 \mathrm{~A}+\mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}, \Delta \mathrm{H}=400 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}298 K,2 A+B→C,ΔH=400 kJ mol−1 and ΔS=0.2 kJ mol−1 K−1\Delta S=0.2 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1} \mathrm{~K}^{-1}ΔS=0.2 kJ mol−1 K−1. The reaction will become spontaneous above ‾K\underline{\hspace{2cm}}\mathrm{K}​K.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 2000

  1. For spontaneity, the Gibbs free energy change must be negative:

ΔG=ΔH−TΔS\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta SΔG=ΔH−TΔS

A reaction becomes spontaneous when:

ΔG<0\Delta G < 0ΔG<0

The threshold temperature is found by setting:

ΔG=0\Delta G = 0ΔG=0

  1. Given:

ΔH=400 kJ mol−1\Delta H = 400\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}ΔH=400 kJ mol−1 ΔS=0.2 kJ mol−1K−1\Delta S = 0.2\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}ΔS=0.2 kJ mol−1K−1

So,

0=400−T(0.2)0 = 400 - T(0.2)0=400−T(0.2)

  1. Solve for TTT:

T(0.2)=400T(0.2) = 400T(0.2)=400

T=4000.2=2000 KT = \frac{400}{0.2} = 2000\ \text{K}T=0.2400​=2000 K

  1. Since both ΔH\Delta HΔH and ΔS\Delta SΔS are positive, the reaction is spontaneous at sufficiently high temperature, i.e. for:

T>2000 KT > 2000\ \text{K}T>2000 K

Hence, the reaction becomes spontaneous above 2000 K2000\ \text{K}2000 K.

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