Given below are two statements : Statement (I) : The oxidation state of an element in a particular compound is the charge acquired by its atom on the basis of electron gain enthalpy consideration from other atoms in the molecule. Statement (II) : p \pi-p \pi bond formation is more prevalent in second period elements over other periods. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

Periodic Table and Periodicity PYQ — JEE Main 2024 · 9 Apr · Shift 1 · Q3 with Solution

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Correct answer: C

Analyze Statement (I)

Oxidation state is defined as the apparent charge assigned to an atom in a compound assuming that all bonds are completely ionic, i.e. the shared electron pair is assigned to the more electronegative atom.

It is not defined on the basis of electron gain enthalpy consideration.

Therefore, Statement (I) is incorrect.
Analyze Statement (II)

$p\pi-p\pi$ bonding is especially effective among second period elements such as C, N, O because their atomic sizes are small and their $p$ orbitals have good sidewise overlap.

In heavier elements of lower periods, the larger size leads to poorer overlap of $p$ orbitals, so $p\pi-p\pi$ bonding is less prevalent.

Therefore, Statement (II) is correct.
Evaluate the options
- A: Statement I correct, Statement II incorrect $\rightarrow$ false
- B: Both correct $\rightarrow$ false
- C: Statement I incorrect, Statement II correct $\rightarrow$ true
- D: Both incorrect $\rightarrow$ false
Final Answer

The correct option is C.

View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

Analyze Statement (I)

Oxidation state is defined as the apparent charge assigned to an atom in a compound assuming that all bonds are completely ionic, i.e. the shared electron pair is assigned to the more electronegative atom.

It is not defined on the basis of electron gain enthalpy consideration.

Therefore, Statement (I) is incorrect.
Analyze Statement (II)

$p\pi-p\pi$ bonding is especially effective among second period elements such as C, N, O because their atomic sizes are small and their $p$ orbitals have good sidewise overlap.

In heavier elements of lower periods, the larger size leads to poorer overlap of $p$ orbitals, so $p\pi-p\pi$ bonding is less prevalent.

Therefore, Statement (II) is correct.
Evaluate the options
- A: Statement I correct, Statement II incorrect $\rightarrow$ false
- B: Both correct $\rightarrow$ false
- C: Statement I incorrect, Statement II correct $\rightarrow$ true
- D: Both incorrect $\rightarrow$ false
Final Answer

The correct option is C.