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Ionic Equilibrium question

2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 1 · Q7
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  5. /2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 1 · Q7

Ionic Equilibrium question

2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 1 · Q7

JEE MainChemistryIonic EquilibriumMCQ+4 / −1
25 mL25 \mathrm{~mL}25 mL of silver nitrate solution (1M) is added dropwise to 25 mL25 \mathrm{~mL}25 mL of potassium iodide (1.05M)(1.05 \mathrm{M})(1.05M) solution. The ion(s) present in very small quantity in the solution is/are :
  1. A
    I−\mathrm{I^-}I− only
  2. B
    K+\mathrm{K^+}K+ only
  3. C
    Ag+\mathrm{Ag^+}Ag+ and I−\mathrm{I^-}I− both
  4. D
    NO3−\mathrm{NO_3^-}NO3−​ only
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Write the reaction

Silver nitrate and potassium iodide react as:

Ag++I−→AgI(s)\mathrm{Ag^+ + I^- \rightarrow AgI(s)}Ag++I−→AgI(s)

Spectator ions are K+\mathrm{K^+}K+ and NO3−\mathrm{NO_3^-}NO3−​.


  1. Calculate initial moles

For AgNO3\mathrm{AgNO_3}AgNO3​:

V=25 mL=0.025 L,M=1.0V = 25\,\text{mL} = 0.025\,\text{L}, \quad M = 1.0V=25mL=0.025L,M=1.0

n(Ag+)=1.0×0.025=0.025 moln(\mathrm{Ag^+}) = 1.0 \times 0.025 = 0.025\,\text{mol}n(Ag+)=1.0×0.025=0.025mol

For KI\mathrm{KI}KI:

V=25 mL=0.025 L,M=1.05V = 25\,\text{mL} = 0.025\,\text{L}, \quad M = 1.05V=25mL=0.025L,M=1.05

n(I−)=1.05×0.025=0.02625 moln(\mathrm{I^-}) = 1.05 \times 0.025 = 0.02625\,\text{mol}n(I−)=1.05×0.025=0.02625mol

Also,

n(K+)=0.02625 mol,n(NO3−)=0.025 moln(\mathrm{K^+}) = 0.02625\,\text{mol}, \qquad n(\mathrm{NO_3^-}) = 0.025\,\text{mol}n(K+)=0.02625mol,n(NO3−​)=0.025mol


  1. Find limiting reagent

Reaction is 1:11:11:1 between Ag+\mathrm{Ag^+}Ag+ and I−\mathrm{I^-}I−.

Since

0.025<0.026250.025 < 0.026250.025<0.02625

Ag+\mathrm{Ag^+}Ag+ is limiting, so all Ag+\mathrm{Ag^+}Ag+ precipitates as AgI\mathrm{AgI}AgI.

Excess iodide left:

n(I− left)=0.02625−0.025=0.00125 moln(\mathrm{I^-\,left}) = 0.02625 - 0.025 = 0.00125\,\text{mol}n(I−left)=0.02625−0.025=0.00125mol

Total volume after mixing:

25+25=50 mL=0.050 L25 + 25 = 50\,\text{mL} = 0.050\,\text{L}25+25=50mL=0.050L

So bulk concentrations are approximately:

[I−]≈0.001250.050=0.025 M[\mathrm{I^-}] \approx \frac{0.00125}{0.050} = 0.025\,\text{M}[I−]≈0.0500.00125​=0.025M

[K+]=0.026250.050=0.525 M[\mathrm{K^+}] = \frac{0.02625}{0.050} = 0.525\,\text{M}[K+]=0.0500.02625​=0.525M

[NO3−]=0.0250.050=0.50 M[\mathrm{NO_3^-}] = \frac{0.025}{0.050} = 0.50\,\text{M}[NO3−​]=0.0500.025​=0.50M

Clearly K+\mathrm{K^+}K+ and NO3−\mathrm{NO_3^-}NO3−​ are present in large amounts.


  1. Check ions present in very small quantity

Even though almost all Ag+\mathrm{Ag^+}Ag+ precipitates, because solid AgI\mathrm{AgI}AgI is present, there will be a tiny amount of both Ag+\mathrm{Ag^+}Ag+ and I−\mathrm{I^-}I− in solution governed by solubility equilibrium:

AgI(s)⇌Ag++I−\mathrm{AgI(s) \rightleftharpoons Ag^+ + I^-}AgI(s)⇌Ag++I−

with

Ksp=[Ag+][I−]K_{sp} = [\mathrm{Ag^+}][\mathrm{I^-}]Ksp​=[Ag+][I−]

Since excess iodide is present, [I−][\mathrm{I^-}][I−] is finite and [Ag+][\mathrm{Ag^+}][Ag+] becomes extremely small. Also, compared with spectator ions, the dissolved iodide associated with the sparingly soluble salt is also the ion involved in the very low-solubility equilibrium. Thus the ions occurring in very small amount due to the precipitation equilibrium are Ag+\mathrm{Ag^+}Ag+ and I−\mathrm{I^-}I−.

Hence, among the options, the intended answer is:

C: Ag+ and I− both\boxed{\text{C: } \mathrm{Ag^+} \text{ and } \mathrm{I^-} \text{ both}}C: Ag+ and I− both​


  1. Compare with stored correct answer

Stored correct answer: C

Derived answer: C

They match.

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