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Electrochemistry question

2025 · 7 Apr · Shift 1 · Q23
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  5. /2025 · 7 Apr · Shift 1 · Q23

Electrochemistry question

2025 · 7 Apr · Shift 1 · Q23

JEE MainChemistryElectrochemistryNumerical+4 / −1
1 Faraday electricity was passed through Cu2+(1.5M,1 L)/Cu\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(1.5 \mathrm{M}, 1 \mathrm{~L}) / \mathrm{Cu}Cu2+(1.5M,1 L)/Cu and 0.1 Faraday was passed through Ag+(0.2M,1 L)/Ag\mathrm{Ag}^{+}(0.2 \mathrm{M}, 1 \mathrm{~L}) / \mathrm{Ag}Ag+(0.2M,1 L)/Ag electrolytic cells. After this the two cells were connected as shown below to make an electrochemical cell. The emf of the cell thus formed at 298 K is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​ mV (nearest integer) JEE Main 2025 (Online) 7th April Morning Shift Chemistry - Electrochemistry Question 5 English Given : E∘Cu2+/Cu=0.34 VE∘Ag+/Ag=0.8 V2⋅303RT F=0.06 V\begin{aligned} \text { Given : } \mathrm{E}^{\circ} \mathrm{Cu}^{2+} / \mathrm{Cu} & =0.34 \mathrm{~V} \\\\ \mathrm{E}^{\circ} \mathrm{Ag}^{+} / \mathrm{Ag} & =0.8 \mathrm{~V} \\\\ \frac{2 \cdot 303 \mathrm{RT}}{\mathrm{~F}} & =0.06 \mathrm{~V} \end{aligned} Given : E∘Cu2+/CuE∘Ag+/Ag F2⋅303RT​​=0.34 V=0.8 V=0.06 V​
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 400

  1. Find concentrations after electrolysis

We have two electrolytic cells.

(a) Cu2+(1.5 M,1 L)/Cu\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(1.5\,\mathrm{M},1\,\mathrm{L})/\mathrm{Cu}Cu2+(1.5M,1L)/Cu

Initial moles of Cu2+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}Cu2+: 1.5×1=1.5 mol1.5\times 1=1.5\text{ mol}1.5×1=1.5 mol

Reaction at cathode: Cu2++2e−→Cu\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+2e^-\rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}Cu2++2e−→Cu

Given charge passed =1=1=1 Faraday =1=1=1 mol e−e^-e−. So moles of Cu2+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}Cu2+ reduced: 12=0.5 mol\frac{1}{2}=0.5\text{ mol}21​=0.5 mol

Remaining moles of Cu2+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}Cu2+: 1.5−0.5=1.0 mol1.5-0.5=1.0\text{ mol}1.5−0.5=1.0 mol

Since volume is 1 L1\,\mathrm{L}1L, final concentration: [Cu2+]=1.0 M[\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}]=1.0\,\mathrm{M}[Cu2+]=1.0M


(b) Ag+(0.2 M,1 L)/Ag\mathrm{Ag}^{+}(0.2\,\mathrm{M},1\,\mathrm{L})/\mathrm{Ag}Ag+(0.2M,1L)/Ag

Initial moles of Ag+\mathrm{Ag}^{+}Ag+: 0.2×1=0.2 mol0.2\times 1=0.2\text{ mol}0.2×1=0.2 mol

Reaction: Ag++e−→Ag\mathrm{Ag}^{+}+e^-\rightarrow \mathrm{Ag}Ag++e−→Ag

Given charge passed =0.1=0.1=0.1 Faraday =0.1=0.1=0.1 mol e−e^-e−. Therefore moles of Ag+\mathrm{Ag}^+Ag+ reduced: 0.1 mol0.1\text{ mol}0.1 mol

Remaining moles of Ag+\mathrm{Ag}^{+}Ag+: 0.2−0.1=0.1 mol0.2-0.1=0.1\text{ mol}0.2−0.1=0.1 mol

Thus final concentration: [Ag+]=0.1 M[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]=0.1\,\mathrm{M}[Ag+]=0.1M


  1. Construct the electrochemical cell

Standard reduction potentials: EAg+/Ag∘=0.80 VE^\circ_{\mathrm{Ag}^+/\mathrm{Ag}}=0.80\,\mathrm{V}EAg+/Ag∘​=0.80V ECu2+/Cu∘=0.34 VE^\circ_{\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}/\mathrm{Cu}}=0.34\,\mathrm{V}ECu2+/Cu∘​=0.34V

Since silver has higher reduction potential, it acts as cathode.

Cell reaction: Cu+2Ag+→Cu2++2Ag\mathrm{Cu}+2\mathrm{Ag}^+\rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+2\mathrm{Ag}Cu+2Ag+→Cu2++2Ag

So, Ecell∘=0.80−0.34=0.46 VE^\circ_{\text{cell}}=0.80-0.34=0.46\,\mathrm{V}Ecell∘​=0.80−0.34=0.46V


  1. Apply Nernst equation

For the reaction Cu+2Ag+→Cu2++2Ag\mathrm{Cu}+2\mathrm{Ag}^+\rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+2\mathrm{Ag}Cu+2Ag+→Cu2++2Ag we have n=2n=2n=2 and Q=[Cu2+][Ag+]2Q=\frac{[\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}]}{[\mathrm{Ag}^+]^2}Q=[Ag+]2[Cu2+]​

Using final concentrations: Q=1.0(0.1)2=100Q=\frac{1.0}{(0.1)^2}=100Q=(0.1)21.0​=100

Nernst equation at 298 K298\,\mathrm{K}298K: E=E∘−0.0591nlog⁡QE=E^\circ-\frac{0.0591}{n}\log QE=E∘−n0.0591​logQ

Using the given approximation 2⋅303RTF=0.06 V\frac{2\cdot 303RT}{F}=0.06\,\mathrm{V}F2⋅303RT​=0.06V, so 2.303RTF=0.03 V\frac{2.303RT}{F}=0.03\,\mathrm{V}F2.303RT​=0.03V

Hence for n=2n=2n=2, E=0.46−0.062log⁡(100)E=0.46-\frac{0.06}{2}\log(100)E=0.46−20.06​log(100) E=0.46−0.03×2E=0.46-0.03\times 2E=0.46−0.03×2 E=0.46−0.06=0.40 VE=0.46-0.06=0.40\,\mathrm{V}E=0.46−0.06=0.40V

Therefore, E=400 mVE=400\,\mathrm{mV}E=400mV


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Derived answer: 400 mV400\,\mathrm{mV}400mV. Stored correct answer: 400400400.

They match.

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