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Electrochemistry question

2023 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q17
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  5. /2023 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q17

Electrochemistry question

2023 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q17

JEE MainChemistryElectrochemistryNumerical+4 / −1
The standard reduction potentials at 298 K298 \mathrm{~K}298 K for the following half cells are given below: NO3−+4H++3e−→NO(g)+2H2OEθ=0.97 VV2+(aq)+2e−→VEθ=−1.19 VFe3+(aq)+3e−→FeEθ=−0.04 VAg+(aq)+e−→Ag(s)Eθ=0.80 VAu3+(aq)+3e−→Au(s)Eθ=1.40 V\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}+4 \mathrm{H}^{+}+3 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{NO}(\mathrm{g})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \quad \mathrm{E}^{\theta}=0.97 \mathrm{~V}\mathrm{V}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{V} \quad\quad\quad \mathrm{E}^{\theta}=-1.19 \mathrm{~V}\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe} \quad\quad\quad \mathrm{E}^{\theta}=-0.04 \mathrm{~V}\mathrm{Ag}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{s}) \quad\quad\quad \mathrm{E}^{\theta}=0.80 \mathrm{~V}\mathrm{Au}^{3+}(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Au}(\mathrm{s}) \quad\quad\quad \mathrm{E}^{\theta}=1.40 \mathrm{~V}NO3−​+4H++3e−→NO(g)+2H2​OEθ=0.97 VV2+(aq)+2e−→VEθ=−1.19 VFe3+(aq)+3e−→FeEθ=−0.04 VAg+(aq)+e−→Ag(s)Eθ=0.80 VAu3+(aq)+3e−→Au(s)Eθ=1.40 V The number of metal(s) which will be oxidized by NO3−\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}NO3−​ in aqueous solution is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 3

  1. Idea
    We need to check which metals can be oxidized by NO3−\mathrm{NO_3^-}NO3−​ in aqueous solution.
    This means NO3−\mathrm{NO_3^-}NO3−​ will act as the oxidizing agent and itself get reduced: NO3−+4H++3e−→NO(g)+2H2O,E∘=0.97 V\mathrm{NO_3^-}+4\mathrm{H}^+ +3e^- \rightarrow \mathrm{NO}(g)+2\mathrm{H_2O},\qquad E^\circ=0.97\,\text{V}NO3−​+4H++3e−→NO(g)+2H2​O,E∘=0.97V

  2. Condition for spontaneity
    If a metal MMM is oxidized, then the corresponding reduction half-reaction is given in the table.
    For the cell reaction: Ecell∘=Ecathode∘−Eanode∘E^\circ_{\text{cell}}=E^\circ_{\text{cathode}}-E^\circ_{\text{anode}}Ecell∘​=Ecathode∘​−Eanode∘​ Here cathode is nitrate reduction: Ecathode∘=0.97 VE^\circ_{\text{cathode}}=0.97\,\text{V}Ecathode∘​=0.97V If Ecell∘>0E^\circ_{\text{cell}}>0Ecell∘​>0, the metal will be oxidized by NO3−\mathrm{NO_3^-}NO3−​.

  3. Check each metal

    (a) Vanadium

    Given: V2++2e−→V,E∘=−1.19 V\mathrm{V}^{2+}+2e^- \rightarrow \mathrm{V},\qquad E^\circ=-1.19\,\text{V}V2++2e−→V,E∘=−1.19V So, Ecell∘=0.97−(−1.19)=2.16 V>0E^\circ_{\text{cell}}=0.97-(-1.19)=2.16\,\text{V}>0Ecell∘​=0.97−(−1.19)=2.16V>0 Hence, V\mathrm{V}V will be oxidized.

    (b) Iron

    Given: Fe3++3e−→Fe,E∘=−0.04 V\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}+3e^- \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe},\qquad E^\circ=-0.04\,\text{V}Fe3++3e−→Fe,E∘=−0.04V So, Ecell∘=0.97−(−0.04)=1.01 V>0E^\circ_{\text{cell}}=0.97-(-0.04)=1.01\,\text{V}>0Ecell∘​=0.97−(−0.04)=1.01V>0 Hence, Fe\mathrm{Fe}Fe will be oxidized.

    (c) Silver

    Given: Ag++e−→Ag,E∘=0.80 V\mathrm{Ag}^+ + e^- \rightarrow \mathrm{Ag},\qquad E^\circ=0.80\,\text{V}Ag++e−→Ag,E∘=0.80V So, Ecell∘=0.97−0.80=0.17 V>0E^\circ_{\text{cell}}=0.97-0.80=0.17\,\text{V}>0Ecell∘​=0.97−0.80=0.17V>0 Hence, Ag\mathrm{Ag}Ag will be oxidized.

    (d) Gold

    Given: Au3++3e−→Au,E∘=1.40 V\mathrm{Au}^{3+}+3e^- \rightarrow \mathrm{Au},\qquad E^\circ=1.40\,\text{V}Au3++3e−→Au,E∘=1.40V So, Ecell∘=0.97−1.40=−0.43 V<0E^\circ_{\text{cell}}=0.97-1.40=-0.43\,\text{V}<0Ecell∘​=0.97−1.40=−0.43V<0 Hence, Au\mathrm{Au}Au will not be oxidized.

  4. Count the metals oxidized
    The metals oxidized by NO3−\mathrm{NO_3^-}NO3−​ are: V, Fe, Ag\mathrm{V},\ \mathrm{Fe},\ \mathrm{Ag}V, Fe, Ag Total number of metals =3=3=3.

  5. Final Answer 3\boxed{3}3​

  6. Comparison with stored answer
    Stored correct answer = 333
    Derived answer = 333
    Hence, they agree.

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