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D and F Block Elements question

2017 · 9 Apr · Shift 1 · Q9
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D and F Block Elements question

2017 · 9 Apr · Shift 1 · Q9

JEE MainChemistryD and F Block ElementsMCQ+4 / −1
Which of the following ions does not liberate hydrogen gas on reaction with dilute acids ?
  1. A
    Ti2+Ti^{2+}Ti2+
  2. B
    V2+V^{2+}V2+
  3. C
    Cr2+Cr^{2+}Cr2+
  4. D
    Mn2+Mn^{2+}Mn2+
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Idea of the reaction

An ion M2+M^{2+}M2+ will liberate hydrogen gas with dilute acid if it can reduce H+H^+H+ to H2H_2H2​:

2H++2e−→H22H^+ + 2e^- \rightarrow H_22H++2e−→H2​

So we check whether M2+M^{2+}M2+ is a sufficiently strong reducing agent, i.e. whether it gets oxidized to M3+M^{3+}M3+ easily:

M2+→M3++e−M^{2+} \rightarrow M^{3+} + e^-M2+→M3++e−

This depends on the standard reduction potential for:

M3++e−→M2+M^{3+} + e^- \rightarrow M^{2+}M3++e−→M2+

If E∘(M3+/M2+)E^\circ(M^{3+}/M^{2+})E∘(M3+/M2+) is negative, then the reverse oxidation of M2+M^{2+}M2+ is favorable enough to reduce H+H^+H+ to H2H_2H2​.

Using

Ecell∘=Ecathode∘−Eanode∘E^\circ_{cell} = E^\circ_{cathode} - E^\circ_{anode}Ecell∘​=Ecathode∘​−Eanode∘​

with cathode reaction

2H++2e−→H2,E∘=0.00 V2H^+ + 2e^- \rightarrow H_2, \qquad E^\circ = 0.00\,V2H++2e−→H2​,E∘=0.00V

and anode involving oxidation of M2+M^{2+}M2+, we get effectively:

Ecell∘=0−E∘(M3+/M2+)E^\circ_{cell} = 0 - E^\circ(M^{3+}/M^{2+})Ecell∘​=0−E∘(M3+/M2+)

Thus, reaction with acid occurs when:

E∘(M3+/M2+)<0E^\circ(M^{3+}/M^{2+}) < 0E∘(M3+/M2+)<0


  1. Check each ion

(A) Ti2+Ti^{2+}Ti2+

For titanium:

E∘(Ti3+/Ti2+)≈−0.37 VE^\circ(Ti^{3+}/Ti^{2+}) \approx -0.37\,VE∘(Ti3+/Ti2+)≈−0.37V

Hence,

Ecell∘=0−(−0.37)=+0.37 VE^\circ_{cell} = 0 - (-0.37) = +0.37\,VEcell∘​=0−(−0.37)=+0.37V

So Ti2+Ti^{2+}Ti2+ reduces H+H^+H+ and liberates H2H_2H2​.


(B) V2+V^{2+}V2+

For vanadium:

E∘(V3+/V2+)≈−0.26 VE^\circ(V^{3+}/V^{2+}) \approx -0.26\,VE∘(V3+/V2+)≈−0.26V

Hence,

Ecell∘=0−(−0.26)=+0.26 VE^\circ_{cell} = 0 - (-0.26) = +0.26\,VEcell∘​=0−(−0.26)=+0.26V

So V2+V^{2+}V2+ also liberates H2H_2H2​.


(C) Cr2+Cr^{2+}Cr2+

For chromium:

E∘(Cr3+/Cr2+)≈−0.41 VE^\circ(Cr^{3+}/Cr^{2+}) \approx -0.41\,VE∘(Cr3+/Cr2+)≈−0.41V

Hence,

Ecell∘=0−(−0.41)=+0.41 VE^\circ_{cell} = 0 - (-0.41) = +0.41\,VEcell∘​=0−(−0.41)=+0.41V

So Cr2+Cr^{2+}Cr2+ also liberates H2H_2H2​.


(D) Mn2+Mn^{2+}Mn2+

For manganese, the relevant oxidation would be:

Mn2+→Mn3++e−Mn^{2+} \rightarrow Mn^{3+} + e^-Mn2+→Mn3++e−

But

E∘(Mn3+/Mn2+)≈+1.51 VE^\circ(Mn^{3+}/Mn^{2+}) \approx +1.51\,VE∘(Mn3+/Mn2+)≈+1.51V

Hence,

Ecell∘=0−1.51=−1.51 VE^\circ_{cell} = 0 - 1.51 = -1.51\,VEcell∘​=0−1.51=−1.51V

This is not spontaneous. Therefore Mn2+Mn^{2+}Mn2+ does not reduce H+H^+H+ to H2H_2H2​.


  1. Conclusion

The ion which does not liberate hydrogen gas on reaction with dilute acids is:

Mn2+\boxed{Mn^{2+}}Mn2+​

So the correct option is D.

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